QuEChERS方法及其在食品农药多残留分析中的应用

农药残留分析是分析化学中最复杂的领域,其原因主要是需分离和测定的残留农药量往往是在ng、pg甚至在fg级.一次成功的分析需要有许多操作条件的正确结合和选择,尤其是萃取和净化方法的成功应用,传统样品前处理技术存在许多不足,如单个样品提取、净化时间较长,有毒溶剂消耗量大,给操作者及环境带来危害,现代样品制备技术正向着经济、节约、减少环境污染、微型化和自动化的方向发展.2003年,由美国农业部农业研究服务中心的Anastassiades M,Lehotay SJ[1]等开发了一种快速、简便、价格低廉的预处理方法来实现高质量的农药多残留物分析方法-QuEChERS法.QuEChERS是一种快速 (Quick)、简便 (Easy)、廉价 (Cheap)、有效 (Effective)、耐用 (Rugged)、安全 (Safe),用于检测食品中农药残留的前处理方法,该法采用含1%醋酸的乙腈提取,加入硫酸镁和氯化钠混合物促使其分层,上清液加入PSA和无水硫酸镁净化分离,最后加入分析保护剂进行GC/MS分析.QuEChERS法的平均样品添加回收率高于85%,干扰目标物检测的杂质少,溶剂用量小,操作简便、快速等特点,将是世界各国小型实验室常规检测农药多残留物的首选预处理方法.     

Novel approach to fast determination of multiple pesticide residues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

A rapid, high-throughput method employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 64 pesticide residues and their toxic metabolites in fruit extracts prepared by a buffered QuEChERS procedure. The total time required for UPLC-MS/MS analysis was 8 min plus 2 min for re-equilibration to the initial UPLC conditions. Performance characteristics were determined for apple extracts spiked at 10 µg kg^?1. The repeatability of measurements expressed as relative standard deviations was in the range 1.5–13% at this level for most analytes. Thanks to very low limits of quantification (<10 µg kg^?1for the majority of pesticides), an optimized method allows for the reliable control of not only common maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union regulation for various pesticides/fruit combinations, but also of a uniform MRL of 10 µg kg^?1endorsed for baby food.     

Multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides in Arabica coffee using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Coffee is a major tropical agricultural commodity and represents a significant fraction of the economy of many countries. However, certain plant and animal species can damage coffee crops, affecting trade. A solution to this issue is the use of pesticides, some of which are harmful to human health and the environment. This work consisted of the development of a multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides in coffee by using LC-MS/MS. The QuEChERS extraction procedure was used. The following analytical parameters were optimised: selectivity, analytical range, linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision (RSD%) and recovery of the method. The results showed that the method is selective, as they were linear in the range of 10.0–100.0 µg kg^?1. The sensitivity, recovery and precision were adequate for the multi-residue analysis of pesticides in coffee. The method was applied to the analyses of 15 Brazilian coffee samples.     

QuEChERS-气相色谱法快速测定油条中的丙烯酰胺

建立了简便、快速测定油条中丙烯酰胺的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,PSA吸附剂分散净化后以气相色谱测定。结果表明,丙烯酰胺在0．05～5．0μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=O．9993,检测限0．017μg／ml,加标回收率在90．5％～98．2％,相对标准偏差（RsD）为1．8％～4．2％。可见,该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、定量准确可靠等特点,适用于油条等油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的测定。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄酒中56种农药残留

建立葡萄酒中56种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,经过PSA、C18和GCB等3种Qu ECh ERS吸附剂净化处理后,采用GC-MS/MS在选择反应监测离子(SRM)的模式下,进行质谱定性,内标法定量。结果表明,在5.0~100.0 g/L范围内,56种农药的回收率为69.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均在15%以内,方法定量限为10 g/kg。所建立的方法简便快捷,试剂消耗量少,经济环保,可满足葡萄酒中农药残留量的实际检验需求。     

QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定花椒中烯效唑残留量及贮藏稳定性

该研究建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectro-mentry,UPLS-MS/MS)测定花椒中烯效唑残留量的检测方法,并测定花椒样品中烯效唑残留量以及低温条件下烯效唑在花椒中贮藏稳定性研究.样品经0.1％(体积...     

QuEChERS-HPLC-Q-TOF/MS快速筛查蔬菜中32种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法用于蔬菜中32种农药残留的快速筛查与确证分析方法。乙睛为提取剂,氯化钠盐析,C18和PSA为净化剂,电喷雾正离子扫描。通过TOF MS-IDA-MS/MS扫描模式,一次采集即可同时获得农药分子的一级精确质量数和二级质谱图信息。在线性范围内32种化合物线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9990,在三个加标水平(1,4和20 LOQ)下的平均回收率为70.41%~103.1%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~11.2%,方法检出限LOD为0.3~1.3μg/kg,定量限LOQ为1.0~4.0μg/kg。与国标相比,大大缩短前处理时间;此外,该方法中吡虫啉、虫酰肼等9种农药的方法检出限得到了有效降低;除乙霉威和嘧菌酯回收率略低,其它30种农药回收率均无明显差别。该方法简单快速、高效准确、灵敏度高,能够快速筛查和分析蔬菜中残留农药。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立一种QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,快速测定鸡肉中氟虫腈及其3种代谢产物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜及氟虫腈亚砜)的方法。鸡肉样品经乙腈分散,DisQuE提取管提取和DisQuE净化管净化后,采用液相色谱-串联质谱定量测定,选择性多反应监测模式检测。在0.5~20ng/mL线性范围内,氟虫腈及其代谢产物的回归方程均呈良好的线性关系,R2>0.999,在添加水平为1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg时,平均回收率为75.2%~89.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%~9.2%,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度和准确度均较高,精密度较好,适用于鸡肉中氟虫腈及其代谢产物残留量的检测。     

Determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in bell pepper using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap)

The development and validation of a method to determine flonicamid and its metabolites as TFNA (4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid), TFNG (N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine) and TFNA-AM (4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide) in bell pepper samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) was performed. A fast and simple extraction procedure with acidified acetonitrile and salts (magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride) was used. The methodology was validated, checking for specificity, recovery, precision, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs). The recoveries ranged from 84% to 98%, and precisions were lower than 17%. Finally, LODs ranged from 1 µg kg^–1 (flonicamid) to 6 µg kg^–1 (TFNA-AM), while LOQs ranged from 10 µg kg^–1 (flonicamid) to 30 µg kg^–1 (TFNA-AM). Bell pepper samples were analysed and concentrations up to 98 µg kg^–1 (flonicamid) were detected, although the sum of flonicamid and metabolites did not exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法。牛奶经乙腈提取后,分散固相萃取技术QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)净化,HP-5MS分离,气相色谱-负化学源质谱进行测定,外标法定量。在质量浓度为2.5~100μg/L范围内,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物均有良好的线性关系,所有目标物的定量限(LQD)(S/N=10)均在0.03~0.15μg/kg范围内。样品加标质量分数为0.01,0.02 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg时,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的平均回收率为85.6%~102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6%~6.1%。该方法样品前处理简单,分析时间短,回收率和精密度等均符合氟虫腈及其3种代谢物检测技术的要求,适用于牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留的检测。