‘Nickel Allergy’ arising from decorative nickel plated and alloyed articles: prevention at source

This work builds on papers published in Transactions during 2015 and 2018 reporting research into low-cost commercial methods for the prevention of nickel release from decorative nickel plated articles, rendering them suitable for placement on the European market in accordance with the requirements of REACH. ‘Nickel Allergy’ sometimes occurs when nickel-containing articles are in direct and prolonged contact with the skin, leading to corrosion of elemental nickel by sweat, liberating sufficient nickel ions to be absorbed through the skin and initiate an allergenic effect. The EU ‘Nickel Restrictions’ impose limits on the amount of nickel released from articles intended for use in this application, but permits a non-nickel surface coating that can ensure the rate of nickel release does not exceed 0.5?µg?cm^?2 week^?1 after 2 years of normal use. The official tests for coated items are simulated wear and corrosion under EN 12472 followed by determination of nickel release under EN 1811. Earlier work concluded that suitable barrier coatings over bright electrodeposited nickel are regular chromium deposited from a hexavalent electrolyte, microporous trivalent chromium from a chloride electrolyte and UV cured PU electrophoretic coatings. Further tests reported here focused on nickel release from examples of wearable articles such as costume jewellery and watch cases. A typical flash coating of gold over bright nickel is thin and porous and being more noble, causes the rate of nickel release to be accelerated; but this can be prevented by an intermediate barrier coating of electrodeposited palladium. To round out the relevance of this study on wearable articles, nickel release tests were also conducted on nickel-containing Grades 304 (UNS S30400) and 316 (UNS S31600) austenitic stainless steels, plus a typical gold alloy containing nickel. All passed the nickel release tests satisfactorily.     

现阶段国内聚酯行业应对欧盟REACH法规探讨

分析了不同聚酯产品的REACH注册义务,以及现阶段REACH注册思路,提出了不同状况的企业合理应对REACH法规的策略。     

欧盟化学品分类、标签制度的诠释与研究

欧盟CLP法规是全球第一部基于联合国GHS制度的化学品分类、标签和包装法规,该法规已于2009年1月20日正式生效,并将逐渐取代欧盟指令67/548/EEC和1999/45/EC。CLP法规与REACH法规相辅相成,共同构成了欧盟完整的化学品安全管理法规体系。从3方面对CLP法规进行了研究与论述:CLP法规介绍、CLP法规与GHS制度的对比研究、CLP法规与REACH法规的关系研究。     

Impacts of environmental product legislation on solid oxide fuel cells

Ongoing development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology coincides with a rapid increase in legislation aiming to control the environmental impacts of products across their life cycle. A risk-based method is used to explore the potential future impacts of this body of legislation on the technology. Legislation controlling the use of hazardous materials is one area of significance. Under the new European REACH Regulation some nickel compounds, used widely throughout general industry but also in the fabrication of anode structures, may fall under the classification of a substance of very high concern (SVHC) in future, which presents a risk of restrictions being placed on their continued use. This risk must drive the development of alternative anode materials, or requires the SOFC industry to identify a socio-economic argument justifying exemption from any future restrictions. A legislative trend establishing recycling requirements for end-of-life products is also identified as having a potential future impact on the technology. Recycling strategies for SOFC products must be considered, prior to commercialisation. It is proposed that failure to meet these future environmental requirements may be detrimental to the perception of SOFC technology, the demand for which is substantially driven by the environmental benefits offered over incumbent power generation technologies. The consideration of these issues in the design of commercial products will mitigate this risk.     

REACH法规的最新进展及其对中国纺织品服装出口的影响

本文介绍了REACH法规的最新发展,特别是对REACH法规的附件XIV和附件XVII的法律效用和区别进行了解读。此外,文章从市场、法规、监督抽查/召回、委托检验、非政府组织和社会公众、品牌商等多个视角对中国纺织品服装出口所面临的压力进行了分析,指出绿色贸易壁垒已经成为国际纺织品服装贸易中最主要的贸易壁垒。文章介绍了中国纺织服装业在应对绿色贸易壁垒、加强供应链管理、构筑标准化网络、节能减排等方面取得的积极进展和成就。     

环保型橡胶填充油的研究进展

环保橡胶油和常规橡胶油最大的区别就在于其多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的不同。详细介绍了PAHs的危害性以及欧盟REACH法规对化学品,尤其是轮胎用橡胶油中PAHs含量的限量要求。提出了探究发展环保橡胶填充油油的必要性;重点介绍了环保型橡胶填充油的研究现状和生产工艺,国内橡胶填充油的生产企业和生产情况。提出应尽快实现环保橡胶填充油的工业化生产以满足应用需求。     

解读欧盟REACH法规

随着中国出口贸易的快速发展,各种非关税贸易磨擦接踵而至,面对新的挑战,防范和应对国外技术、贸易壁垒已引起我国有关部门的高度关注。产业界如何从技术上适应国际局势的变化已成为可持续发展的战略任务。介绍了欧盟REACH的主要内容和目标,分析了该系统可能对我国电池产业的影响,指出制定我国行业技术性贸易措施的必要性。     

溴系阻燃剂的50年

综述了溴系阻燃剂（BFR）的发展历程,重点讨论了近20年来发生的与BFR密切相关的一些重大事件,包括二噁英问题,欧盟对BFR的危害性评估（主要是十溴二苯醚（DBDPO）、四溴双酚A（TBBPA）和六溴环十二烷（HBCD）最新评估结果）,与BFR有关的环保法规（RoHS指令及REACH）,RoHS指令对DBDPO的豁免及此豁免的被否决,RoHS指令的修订等）,可能会影响BFR的有关新阻燃标准,如欧盟将在建材行业实行的统一阻燃分类方法和测试标准及中国的强制性国家标准GB 20286-2006,阻燃剂的无卤化等。分析了使用BFR的安全性及对BFR应采取的减排和监控措施（如VECAP）,并展望了BFR的发展前景。     

日化行业应对REACH法规

总结了欧盟REACH的预注册情况,论述了全球企业、中国洗涤剂、化妆品以及香料香精企业如何应对REACH法规。并介绍了欧盟REACH法规的最新进展情况。