短波紫外照射对玫瑰香葡萄品质和白藜芦醇及其衍生物含量的影响

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对玫瑰香葡萄中白藜芦醇及其衍生物的含量进行测定。结果表明,当玫瑰香葡萄经过剂量为4.5 k J/m~2的短波紫外照射后,20℃贮藏至48 h时,白藜芦醇和白藜芦醇苷含量达到最高,分别为90.29 μg/g和163.28 μg/g;贮藏至72 h时,紫檀芪含量达到最高38.67 μg/g。短波紫外照射也可以降低可溶性固形物、VC、可滴定酸等品质评价指标的下降速率。     

拮抗菌Burkholderia contaminans对玫瑰香葡萄采后灰霉病的抗性诱导

以玫瑰香葡萄为实验试材,研究洋葱霍尔德氏菌（Burkholderia contaminans B-1）对玫瑰香葡萄采后灰霉病的抗性诱导机理,对经拮抗菌处理贮藏后果实的腐烂率及其抗性相关物质进行测定。结果表明：拮抗菌B. contaminans B-1可有效降低玫瑰香葡萄采后腐烂率,与对照相比,果梗腐烂率降低69.58%,果肉腐烂指数降低63.93%。拮抗菌处理对果实苯丙烷代谢途径、活性氧代谢途径和其他抗性相关酶类活性均有影响。与对照相比,B. contaminans B-1处理可提高葡萄果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性,促进过氧化氢（H2O2）含量积累,延缓过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性峰值出现的时间。此外,拮抗菌处理也可以诱导果实病程相关蛋白几丁质酶（CHI）和β-1,3葡聚糖酶（GLU）活性的上升。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱对玫瑰香葡萄酒挥发性成分的研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对王朝玫瑰香(Muscat)葡萄酒中的挥发性成分进行分析研究,得出INNOWAX色谱柱为分析所用最适宜色谱柱,PDMS纤维头是分析所用的最理想萃取头。这些结果拓展SPME技术在葡萄酒香气组分研究中的应用,它不仅是定性定量分析葡萄酒中挥发性成分的基础,而且为葡萄酒感官分析提供理论依据。     

Amounts of glycosides in grapevine organs during berry development

Whole berries, leaf blades and petioles from Muscat Gordo Blanco (syn. Muscat of Alexandria), Sultana and Flame Seedless vines were sampled at intervals from three weeks after flowering to fruit ripeness. The glycosidically-bound constituents present in the samples were quantified through a determination of the glycosyl glucose. At the stage of berry ripeness, the concentration of glycosides per gram fresh weight in the leaf blades was 10–30 times higher than in the fruit. During berry development glycoside concentrations increased in leaf blades and petioles but decreased in fruit. However, when expressed on a per berry basis, the levels of glycosides in the fruit increased as ripening progressed; the levels in ripe fruit were high in Muscat Gordo Blanco and low in Sultana. Further experimentation will be needed to establish whether the glycosides are synthesised in the leaves and transported to the berries or synthesised independently in both organs.     

山东中部‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄冻害调查及应对措施

为调查冬季低温对山东地区‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄的影响,结合2021年1月6日至8日的极端低温天气,选取5个设施农业园区进行灌水、喷水和熏烟处理,调查冻害发生率和枝条萌芽率。结果表明,葡萄芽眼冻害有4种:仅主芽冻死、主侧芽全部冻死、部分侧芽冻死、主芽及部分侧芽冻死,其中仅主芽冻死的比例最高。葡萄芽眼受冻率与枝条成熟度和棚型有关,枝条成熟度越好,冻害越低;拱棚冻害发生率显著低于连栋塑料棚。棚内进行熏烟、灌水、枝条喷水均可降低葡萄冻害程度,其中灌水和枝条喷水效果明显。     

Biosynthesis of flavour compounds in Muscat Gordo Blanco grape berries

Inflorescences of the floral grapevine cv Muscat Gordo Blanco (syn. Muscat of Alexandria) were grown on their own shoots until maturity or, after approach-grafting before flowering, on the shoots of the non-floral cv Shiraz (in the glasshouse) or Sultana (in the field). The flavour compounds of their berries were compared with those in the berries of the non-floral cultivars, grown either on their own shoots or, by grafting, on the shoots of the Muscat cultivar. For this, monoterpene glycosides were isolated from the fruits, enzymatically hydrolysed and the released monoterpene aglycons were liquid-liquid extracted and analysed by GC-MS. The Muscat Gordo Blanco berries of ungrafted bunches and of bunches grafted onto Shiraz or Sultana vines yielded fruit with monoterpenes at levels and types typical of this floral grape variety. The berries of Shiraz and Sultana bunches contained only low levels of monoterpene glycosides both on their own shoots or grafted onto Muscat shoots. The lack of difference between flavour compounds in grafted and non-grafted fruit indicate that aroma compounds are synthesised in the berries and that their presence is determined by the genotype of the grape bunch rather than by the genotype of the vine.     

Contribution of free and glycosidically-bound volatile compounds to the aroma of muscat “a petit grains” wines and effect of skin contact

Free and glycosidically-bound volatile compounds of must, skin and wine from Muscat “a petit grains” cultivated in Spain were determined, and the effect of different skin contact times on the aroma composition and sensory characteristics of wines was investigated. Must and wine had a large quantity of mono-terpenes, mainly linalool, geraniol, and nerol. The most abundant glycosylated fraction was the mono and poly-oxygenated terpenes, followed by benzene compounds and norisoprenoids. Must skin contact at 18 °C during 15 and 23 h produced an important increase in the free and bound varietal compounds, which suggests the use of glycosidic enzymes, together with skin maceration, to increase wine aroma. From a sensory standpoint, must skin contact was very positive, since it brought about an increase in the fresh and fruity characteristic of the wines, and they also had more body.     

玫瑰香冰葡萄酒香气成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对云南德钦产区玫瑰香冰葡萄酒中的挥发性成分进行分离测定,共鉴定出71种挥发性香气成分,主要包括酯类、醇类、萜烯类、有机酸及少量醛类、酮类和烷烃.结果表明,酯类、醇类和萜烯类化合物是玫瑰香冰葡萄酒香气的主要构成组分,三者的相对含量占总挥发性香气成分的91.1％;在玫瑰香冰葡萄酒中,酯类化合物相对含量最高,大多数都具有令人愉悦的花果香气,是形成玫瑰香冰葡萄酒浓郁果香的主要香气成分;萜烯类化合物的种类丰富,相对含量较高,且大多数属于单萜醇类,均具有玫瑰香气,可能是形成玫瑰香冰葡萄酒独特玫瑰花香的主要香气成分,其中含量较高的为β-香茅醇、里那醇和橙花醇.     

赤霞珠、蛇龙珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒芳香性成分的差异性研究

芳香类物质种类及含量的差异是决定葡萄酒风味的重要因素。本文对赤霞珠、蛇龙珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒的芳香性成分进行探讨分析。结果表明,3种葡萄酒中3-甲基-1-丁醇的含量最高,相对含量分别为20.61%、21.00%和15.54%;次之为丁二酸单乙酯,含量分别为17.90%、8.94%和16.55%;再次为乳酸乙酯,含量分别为12.36%、17.01%和12.06%。赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中特有的检出成分为乙酸异戊酯和丙酸;玫瑰香葡萄酒中特有的检出成分为3-乙氧基丙醇。蛇龙珠葡萄酒中没有检出1-丁醇、4-酮基-戊酸乙酯和癸酸乙酯,赤霞珠和玫瑰香葡萄酒中均有上述成分;玫瑰香葡萄酒中未检测到(顺)3-己烯-1-醇和糠醇。     

Occurrence of anthocyanin pigments in berries of the white cultivar Muscat Gordo Blanco (Vitis vinifera L.)

Rose coloration of skin was observed to sometimes develop late during ripening on the normally white grape berries of cv. Muscat Gordo Blanco. The nature of the pigment was investigated by HPLC analysis of skin extracts of single berries. The predominant anthocyanin was identified as cyanidin-3-glucoside with minor amounts of delphinidin- and peonidin-3-glucosides. This composition resembles the skin composition of coloured, small-seeded muscat cultivars which it also resembles by the monoterpene composition of the juice. The pigments occurred only in berries with levels of total soluble solids in excess of 24°Brix in the juice and such berries tended to have smaller fresh weight. Berry pigmentation occurred on vines with various root systems. The specific conditions under which pigment developed in Muscat Gordo berries may offer a useful tool in the study of anthocyanin biosynthesis.