Tibetan Multi-Dialect Speech and Dialect Identity Recognition

Tibetan language has very limited resource for conventional automatic speech recognition so far. It lacks of enough data, sub-word unit, lexicons and word inventories for some dialects. And speech content recognition and dialect classification have been treated as two independent tasks and modeled respectively in most prior works. But the two tasks are highly correlated. In this paper, we present a multi-task WaveNet model to perform simultaneous Tibetan multi-dialect speech recognition and dialect identification. It avoids processing the pronunciation dictionary and word segmentation for new dialects, while, in the meantime, allows training speech recognition and dialect identification in a single model. The experimental results show our method can simultaneously recognize speech content for different Tibetan dialects and identify the dialect with high accuracy using a unified model. The dialect information used in output for training can improve multi-dialect speech recognition accuracy, and the low-resource dialects got higher speech content recognition rate and dialect classification accuracy by multi-dialect and multi-task recognition model than task-specific models.     

Functional and conformational characterisation of walnut protein obtained through AOT reverse micelles

Walnut protein was extracted from defatted walnut flour by bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micellar system and alkali solution with isoelectric precipitation. The functional and conformational characteristics of two proteins were investigated and compared. Walnut protein obtained through AOT reverse micelles was found to have higher extraction yield, solubility, emulsifying activity, foam capacities, water‐ and oil‐holding capacity compared to the protein from alkali solution along with isoelectric precipitation, while the surface hydrophobicity (H₀), contents of disulphide bond (SS) and sulfhydryl group (SH) were relatively lower. The differences of H₀, SS and SH contents could be due to the conformational changes of walnut proteins using two extraction methods. FTIR spectra and data showed that the reverse micelles caused the decrease in α‐helix, β‐sheet, random and β‐turn of walnut protein, the increase in the side‐chain structure content, which could be responsible for the modification of functional properties.     

生物质焦油成分分析及综合利用研究

生物质焦油是生物质热解和气化过程中产生的副产物,其成分非常复杂。实验对贵州省毕节市农机研究所设计的生物质气化炉所产生的生物质焦油进行了研究,选用混合溶剂(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1)作萃取剂,采用GC/MS法对萃取物的化学成分进行了分析。结果表明,已定性的41种化合物大多为苯的衍生物,是重要的化工原料。     

旅游驱动的少数民族建筑景观变迁研究——以九寨沟为例

旅游发展驱动的少数民族建筑景观的变迁,是旅游对区域文化影响的重要表现.文章通过对九寨沟树正寨的实地问卷与深入访谈调查,分析了居民和游客对藏寨建筑景观特色变迁的感知,认为居民对藏寨建筑景观的特色并没有清晰的认识,保护没有得到重视,而游客也缺乏对真实藏族传统文化的认识.研究认为,少数民族旅游地传统民族文化的保护,重在认清民族文化的差异和精华,增强当地居民的自我认同,促进社区居民参与旅游规划和管理,培养主人意识,形成对民族文化保护和传承的自觉性;同时还需要深化旅游地的管理,以引导为主,积极应对经济水平提高以后居民对生活环境改造的合理要求.     

甘青川滇藏区传统地域建筑文化的多元性

特殊的地理和文化区位造成了甘青川滇藏区建筑文化的多元性特征,而建筑文化的多样性是形成本地区传统地域建筑丰富类型的重要因素,同时,丰富的建筑类型也是文化多样性在建筑领域的集中体现.对历史沿革、文化背景与西藏地区有着显著差异的甘青川滇藏区的传统地域建筑进行深入研究,不仅有助于西藏建筑研究和解决西北及西南地区建筑研究中某些跨区域问题,也可深化对整个藏区建筑格局的认识.     

Seismic performance analysis of Tibetan rubble stone walls based on irregular block geometry indexes

为量化不规则毛石墙体几何指标(块体形状、块体尺寸、水平和竖向接缝)对其抗震性能的影响，对3片1/2缩尺的传统藏式毛石墙体进行低周往复荷载试验，获得其典型破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线等抗震性能参数。基于藏式毛石墙体的不规则构造特征和块体形状，结合灰色理论建立不规则块体面积、周长等9个形状参数与墙体地震响应特征的关联度。研究结果表明：低周往复荷载下块材几何尺寸对墙体抗震性能的影响最大；大块石组砌的墙体抗剪刚度和承载力均较大，且墙体规则性和质量等级较好、抗震性能更优。确定了量化藏式毛石墙体抗震性能的几何指标的方法，可用于评价藏式毛石墙体的基本受力性能。     

康定冬季民居室内热环境测试分析

康定地处高原,气候极具特色,藏区民居室内热舒适性问题较为特殊。通过对康定地区农村住宅冬季室内空气温度、相对湿度、风速等热物理参数的样本测试和统计,对测试参数与主观问卷进行了综合分析,计算了室外综合温度、操作温度等,对发现的问题提出了改进建议与措施,为后期藏区民居室内热环境设计、藏区民居室内环境热舒适质量改善提供参考。