花椒风味油的制取及品质研究

以花椒果皮为原料,采用大豆油热浸法制取花椒风味油。以花椒风味油的酸价、过氧化值和感官评分为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化制取工艺条件。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对花椒风味油和大豆油中挥发性风味成分进行测定。结果表明:制取花椒风味油的最佳工艺条件为浸提温度95℃、浸提时间20 min、花椒果皮添加量15%,在此条件下制取的花椒风味油香气浓郁、麻味足、色泽好且感官评分最高,其酸价(KOH)为0. 40 mg/g,过氧化值为5. 07 mmol/kg,感官评分为9. 1。花椒风味油中维生素E总量为1 869. 86 mg/kg,远高于大豆油中的742. 07 mg/kg;甾醇含量相较于大豆油几乎不变;脂肪酸组成与大豆油的基本相同;花椒风味油中共鉴定出9类83种挥发性风味成分,大豆油中共鉴定出8类25种挥发性风味成分,花椒风味油中挥发性风味成分主要是烯烃类和醇类(相对含量86. 99%),大豆油中主要是烯烃类和醛类(相对含量87. 26%);花椒风味油中醇类18种,占总量的40. 97%,大豆油中醇类仅1种,占总量的1. 74%;花椒风味油中醛类物质含量仅为1. 91%,而大豆油中醛类物质含量为12. 69%。     

Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

二维红外相关光谱在两面针与单面针鉴别中的应用

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法及二维红外相关光谱法对两面针与单面针进行研究,探讨其一维、二维红外光谱特征及其差异,为快速鉴定两面针样品提供依据。两面针与单面针均为芸香科花椒属木本植物,均可入药,2者外形极为相似,药材市场常用靡价的单面针制成饮片冒充两面针。本实验结果表明:两面针与单面针的一维红外光谱差别甚小,但通过二阶导数光谱结合二维傅里叶红外光谱的方法可以将2者完全区分开采。本方法快速、廉价、有效,对两面针的鉴别提供一种新的方法和技术。     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.     

藤椒冷榨油饼粕中黄酮类物质的提取及体外抗氧化活性研究

采用响应面试验优化了藤椒冷榨油饼粕中黄酮类物质的微波辅助提取工艺,并对黄酮类提取物进行体外抗氧化活性测定。研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率506 W,微波处理时间256s,乙醇浓度75%,液料比501(mL/g),所得饼粕黄酮得率(以芦丁计)为(0.40±0.04)%。藤椒冷榨油饼粕黄酮的还原力、自由基清除能力随其质量浓度增加而总体呈现增强趋势,0.05mg/mL饼粕黄酮的还原力和0.03mg/mL的抗坏血酸溶液还原力相当;饼粕黄酮、抗坏血酸对·OH的IC50值分别为0.074,0.053mg/mL;对DPPH·的IC50值为0.024,0.016mg/mL。研究结果证明饼粕黄酮具有较高的体外抗氧化活性,具备天然抗氧化剂开发价值。     

响应面法优化花椒籽仁蛋白质盐提工艺条件

采用盐提法提取花椒籽仁中蛋白质,探讨提取时间、料液比、NaCl浓度、提取温度、提取pH对蛋白质提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面试验优化花椒籽仁蛋白质提取最佳工艺条件。结果表明:固定提取pH为11,其他各因素对花椒籽仁蛋白质提取率的影响次序依次为提取时间提取温度料液比NaCl浓度;最佳提取工艺条件为提取pH 11、提取时间35 min、提取温度50℃、料液比1∶21、NaCl浓度1.2 mol/L;在最佳提取条件下,花椒籽仁蛋白质提取率达到88.77%,所得蛋白质含量达到93.17%。     

花椒精对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的：探讨花椒精对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法：将40 只雌性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分为5 组,其中1 组进行伪切除手术（Sham）作为对照组,另外4 组进行双侧卵巢切除手术（ovariectomy,OVX）,恢复饲喂一周后,分为空白组和灌胃花椒精高（15 mg/kg）、中（10 mg/kg）、低（5 mg/kg）剂量组。灌胃4 周后解剖,检测大鼠血脂、肝脂及小肠和粪便中胆汁酸含量等指标。结果：灌胃花椒精可降低血清中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoproteincholesterin,LDL-C）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol,non-HDL-C）的浓度（p＜0.05）,升高HDL-C的浓度;降低肝脏中脂肪、TC、TG的含量（P＜0.05）;增加大鼠排便量、促进小肠内容物和粪便中胆汁酸以及粪醇、胆固醇等中性固醇的排泄,且存在明显的剂量效应。结论：花椒精可改善卵巢切除SD大鼠因雌性激素缺乏而引起的高脂血症,可能与促进胆汁酸和中性固醇的排泄有关。     

花椒挥发油的提取工艺优化及抗肿瘤活性分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花椒中的挥发油,以得油率为评价指标,以料液比、冷浸时间和提取时间为考察因素,通过星点设计-响应面法优选花椒挥发油提取工艺。结果表明：花椒挥发油水蒸气蒸馏提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶12（g/mL）、冷浸时间2.5 h、提取时间4.7 h,得油率可达9.284%。采用MTT法检测花椒挥发油的体外抗肿瘤活性,测得花椒挥发油对HeLa、A549、K562 三种细胞的IC50值分别为（11.2±0.2）、（6.26±0.05）、（1.37±0.03） mg/mL。表明花椒挥发油具有较强的体外抗肿瘤活性,且对3 种肿瘤细胞的生长均有抑制作用。     

HPLC检测大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素方法的建立

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素含量的方法。方法：采用Intersil ODSSP C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为分析柱,流动相甲醇-水（70∶30,V/V）,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长 254 nm。结果：心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏、脑、胃、小肠、脂肪、肌肉、皮肤、睾丸及前列腺的线性范围分别为 0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 6）、0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.998 9）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.999 3）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 5）、0.1～100 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、 0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.998 2）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.995 6）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 8）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）及0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）。方法平均回收率大于 82%,日内日间变异均小于11%,稳定性良好。结论：本方法准确、快速、重复性好,适用于大鼠组织样 品中花椒麻素含量的测定。