Quality of dried haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) as affected by prior juice extraction,osmotic treatment,and drying conditions

The effect of juice extraction conditions on the quality of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) dried at different temperatures (60, 100, and 140°C) was investigated. The conventional juice extraction (process A) consisted of a two-press process, where thawed berries were pressed, and osmotic treatment was applied before pressing again. This was compared with a modified extraction (process B), which applied osmotic treatment during fruit thawing and only one press was used for extraction. The quality parameters investigated included moisture content, pressed berry yield, extraction loss, drying yield, total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C content, and the rehydration characteristics of the final dried berries. Pressing the berries to 70% juice yield resulted in a higher pressed berry yield and better physicochemical quality in the pressed product. The yield was 26.39 and 28.92% in the conventional and modified extraction, with moisture contents of 70.32 and 77.75%, respectively. The TACs of pressed berries from extraction processes A and B were 24.62 and 33.03?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW and the vitamin C contents were 14.14 and 36.18?mg/100?g, respectively. Drying at 60°C until 25% moisture content was better than at higher temperatures, resulting in a better quality dried product. It revealed drying yields of 45.32 and 52.75%, TACs of 4.00 and 4.30?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW, vitamin C contents of 2.97 and 4.91?mg /100?g, and rehydration ratios of 2.22 and 2.37 from processes A and B, respectively. Process B with the one-step extraction is recommended for higher pressed berry yield, higher drying yield, and enhanced quality of the pressed and dried products. It is also a more efficient process, in terms of time, cost, and energy.     

高活性益生菌发酵枸杞粉的真空冷冻干燥工艺优化

以植物乳杆菌发酵枸杞浆为研究对象,通过差示扫描量热仪和冻干显微镜分析益生菌发酵枸杞浆的物性参数,采用正交试验对保护剂进行选择和优化,并绘制冻干曲线,旨在开发出一套制备富含活性益生菌的发酵枸杞粉的工艺方法。结果表明:运用差示扫描量热仪,采用经过退火处理的连续扫描法,在退火温度-5℃、升温速率5℃/min条件下,测得的益生菌发酵枸杞浆物料的物性参数为:共融点-5.28℃,结晶点-19.59℃,玻璃态转化温度-31.82℃,崩解温度约-36℃。根据已确立的参数确定发酵枸杞浆的预冻温度为-40℃,预冻时间为4 h,升华干燥阶段的温度为-45℃。最佳复配保护剂组合为:20%麦芽糊精、14%乳糖、6%海藻糖。复配后样品的升华干燥温度为-30℃,分别绘制真空冷冻干燥过程中的冻干曲线。益生菌发酵枸杞冻干粉后活菌数达9.6(lg(CFU/g)),含水量低于3%,色泽完好,复水性强,产品质量佳。