Polymer hydrogel cross-linked by inorganic nanoparticles for removing trace metal ions

Hydrogels for absorbing metal ions in wastewater have attracted more attentions in the environmental field especially for recent years. The removal efficiency of hydrogel adsorbents for eliminating metal ions is highly related with the effective contact between adsorbents and adsorbates. However, poor water absorption capacity of the hydrogel adsorbents would restrict on the expose of adsorption sites to the targeted subjects, causing undesirable removal ratio (RR) especially for metal ions at trace level. Thereby, the reported hydrogel adsorbents mainly focus on the removal of high content but not the trace level of metal ions so far. In this work, poly(acrylamide) (PAM)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/Ca(OH)₂ composite hydrogel is applied to adsorb trace metal ions. Swelling ratio of such PAM/PAA/Ca(OH)₂ gel reaches 2,530 g/g, resulting in effective exposure of active sites and further expected RR for trace metal ions. The RRs of such adsorbent for Cu²⁺ (initial concentration C₀ = 0.064 mg/L), Al³⁺ (C₀ = 0.27 mg/L), Co²⁺ (C₀ = 0.59 mg/L), Cr⁶⁺ (C₀ = 0.52 mg/L), Mn²⁺ (C₀ = 0.55 mg/L), Ni²⁺ (C₀ = 0.59 mg/L), Zn²⁺ (C₀ = 0.65 mg/L), Ag⁺ (C₀ = 1.08 mg/L), and La³⁺ (C₀ = 1.39 mg/L) are 56.6, 80.8, 41.3, 29.3, 34.6, 44.6, 55.9, 45.8, and 35.5%, respectively. This work broadens the application of hydrogel adsorbent for eliminating trace metal ions from polluted water.     

Core–shell adsorbents by electrospun MOF-polymer composites with improved adsorption properties: Theory and experiments

A new class of core–shell adsorbents has been created by electrospun metal–organic framework (MOF) particles embedded in polymer nanofibers, which have provided many unique properties compared to the existing MOF coating technologies. For the first time, we demonstrate the improved adsorption selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ using electrospun polymer/ZIF-8 adsorbents in experiments. Furthermore, an analytical model based on the assumption that the diffusivity in core is 10 times higher than that in shell is developed to describe the theory of improved selectivity for core–shell adsorbents that is validated against a more accurate finite element model developed in COMSOL. Our model shows three regimes including exclusive shell uptake, linear core uptake, and asymptotic core uptake. These regimes are related to material properties and uptake times, which could be used as design criteria to balance core stability, maximum selectivity, and maximum uptake. An advanced HAADF STEM tomography (Movie S1 ) shows that the shell thickness in the case of polymer/ZIF-8 is on the order of 10 nm, allowing the regime of maximum selectivity to be realized. Kinetically limited adsorption tests at 45°C demonstrate that these composite fibers can perform in a regime of selectivity and uptake for the separation of CO₂ and N₂ that is unobtainable by either the MOF or fiber independently, showing a great potential for postcombustion CO₂ capture.     

海绵负载纳米Al2O3复合吸附剂去除水中硒研究

研究制备了海绵负载纳米Al2O3微球的复合吸附剂(NAS),并用于对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的吸附。结果表明,合成的纳米Al2O3微球(NAO)的平均尺寸为200~400 nm,在海绵上负载NAO会使其分散性更好。当NAO负载量分别为80 mg/g和60 mg/g时,NAS对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的吸附性能为佳,分别需要60、120 min达到平衡,适应pH为2~5;两者均符合准2级动力学模型;NAS对Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量分别为137.2、143.9 mg/g,能很好地与Freundlich模型拟合,说明NAS表面不均匀,且属于多层吸附。经过2次的循环,对Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的去除率有所降低,但均仍保持在一定的水平,说明NAS可再生循环利用。NAS作为一种新型吸附剂去除水中Se具有较好的应用前景。     

改性壳聚糖微球处理含氟废水的研究

利用无毒交联剂制备壳聚糖微球并负载稀土元素,制得新型除氟吸附剂。配制水除氟实验中,Ce-CEB对F^-(纯NaF溶液)的静态吸附容量为17.7 mgF^-/g微球,F^-的脱除率为93.4%;对于具有复杂阴离子的配制水,Ce-CEB对F^-的动态饱和吸附量为12.3 mgF^-/g微球。     

含氮超交联聚合物对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的吸附

通过一步法制备了一种含氮超交联吸附剂,探究了对水中磺胺二甲基嘧啶的去除能力,通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对超交联聚合物的表面结构和化学性质进行表征。结果表明,该吸附剂的最大吸附容量能够高达336.45 mg/g;吸附动力学过程符合准二级模型。     

Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution using chemically modified fruit peels as efficient low-cost biosorbents

Fruit peels, which are common agricultural byproducts, have been extensively used as abandoned or low-cost biosorbents to remove heavy metals. In this study, dragon fruit peel (DFP), rambutan peel (RP), and passion fruit peel (PFP) were used to remove Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution. Concentrations of the adsorbed metal ions were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Adsorption experiments were performed with different adsorbent dosages, pH values, contact times, and initial copper concentrations. The optimum set of conditions for biosorption of Cu(II) ions was found to be an adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g, a contact time of 180 min, an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, a pH value of 4 for RP and PFP, and a pH value of 5 for DFP. The adsorption conformed with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data were consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, but the best fit was with the Langmuir model. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity values of DFP, RP, and PFP were calculated to be 92.593, 192.308, and 121.951 mg/g, respectively. RP showed a higher adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions than PFP and DFP for all parameters. The results indicate that these biosorbents might be used to effectively adsorb Cu(II) ions from wastewater treatment plants.     

Boron removal from water and its recovery using iron (Fe) oxide/hydroxide-based nanoparticles (NanoFe) and NanoFe-impregnated granular activated carbon as adsorbent

This study presents information obtained by the synthesis of Fe(3) oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles sol (NanoFe) and NanoFe-impregnated granular activated carbon as adsorbents for boron removal from solutions. The research describes an adsorption method for cleaning a solution containing boron contaminants followed by recovery of the adsorbent and the adsorbed material for safe removal or further reuse. The technology provides an efficient method of boron removal from water. A marked effect of NanoFe and NanoFe-impregnated GAC adsorbents concentration and pH level on boron removal efficiency was demonstrated. At least 95–98% boron recovery efficiency is possible using NanoFe sol and Fe-impregnated GAC that in fact also recover the adsorbent for reuse. Boron adsorption onto the NanoFe-impregnated GAC adsorbent may be described by pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The boron adsorption capacity on iron (3) oxide nanoparticles and Fe-impregnated GAC at an equilibrium concentration of 0.3 mg/dm³ as B in the solution is much higher than these values for similar adsorbents reported in the literature.     

改性活性炭吸附除砷的研究

以小麦秸秆、木屑、煤渣等所制备的活性炭及其活性炭负载铁作为吸附剂,用于水中As（Ⅲ）的去除。考察了活性炭种类、吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液pH值和吸附剂投加量等对As（Ⅲ）去除的影响。结果表明,木屑制备的活性炭所负载铁作为吸附剂,对水中As（Ⅲ）的去除效果最好;As（Ⅲ）的去除率随吸附时间、吸附温度、溶液pH值和吸附剂投加量的增加而增加。     

离子交换温度对Ag基介孔材料吸附剂脱硫性能的影响

采用离子交换法将Ag+交换到铝化的SBA-15上,通过改变交换温度得到Ag含量分别为1.05,1.32,1.46和1.47(wt)%的Ag/Al-SBA-15吸附剂。N2吸附结果表明,所制备的吸附剂保持了介孔材料的结构。常温、常压下,对商业柴油(含硫量为0.0191(wt)%)的吸附脱硫表明,改性后吸附剂的硫容量提高了37.2%。再生实验表明,吸附剂的脱硫性能可100%恢复。