Removal of sulfide ions from aqueous solutions using carbon- and silicon-containing sorbents

Sulfide ions are among the most common pollutants in natural waters. Sulfide sorption methods are widely used in the waste water treatment practice. The most promising sorbents for removing sulfide ions are porous carbon materials. In the present study we researched sorption capacity of the carbon- and silicon-containing samples of rice and buckwheat processing wastes, as well as the activated carbon, carbon fiber, chitosan and natural silicates toward the sulfide ions in aqueous solutions. It was found that the most effective sorbent from the studied ones is the carbon fiber Aktilen B (99%) and from plant wastes – carbonaceous sorbents obtained from rice straw (77–98%) and buckwheat (94%). We studied the physico-chemical and structural properties of the carbonaceous sorbent based on rice straw and it was found that this sample is amorphous and has a predominant microporous structure. At the concentration of sulfide ions ranging from 140 to 800?µg?l^?1, the studied sorbent reduces the amount of sulfide ions to 0.4–1.4 of the maximum permissible concentration and can be used for treating natural and post-treating waste waters.     

Adsorption isotherm and kinetic modeling of a novel procedure for physical modification of silica gel using aqueous solutions of 4,4′-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)bis-(2-pentanone) for preconcentration of Ni(II) ion

ABSTRACT

Aqueous solutions of 4,4′-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)bis-(2-pentanone) (EDDBP) have been used in a novel green procedure for the physical modification of silica gel (SG) for solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of Ni(II) ion. Optimization experiments were carried out at 301 ± 1 K by batch technique. The EDDBP-modified SG was characterized using X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) and Brunaeur-Emmett-Teller (BET) determinations. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic models indicated a physisorption process. The modified SG showed moderate to high adsorption capacity values for Ni(II) ion (~98% removal efficiency) at pH 8. A sorption mechanism for Ni(II) chelation with EDDBP-modified-SG was proposed. These results suggest the procedure has advantages.     

Adsorption of toluene from aqueous solutions using clay-based nanostructures

In this study, porous clay heterostructures (PCH) are synthesized through gallery template approach and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. Batch adsorption studies are conducted to investigate the effect of parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, concentration, and contact time on adsorption of toluene by PCH in aqueous solutions. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Based on the results, by increasing the PCH dosage from 0.5 g/L to 4 g/L, toluene removal is enhanced from 34% to 88.1%.     

程序升温脱附测定难挥发性有机物吸附相平衡

提出一种采用少量程序升温脱附实验就能计算挥发性有机物在不同温度下吸附等温线的方法。该方法以拟平衡吸附动力学为基础,建立难挥发性有机物从吸附剂表面程序升温脱附的模型,采用数值方法对该模型进行求解。采用该模型对程序升温脱附实验测定的图谱进行模拟,获得难挥发性有机物在吸附剂上的吸附相平衡参数,从而确定吸附等温线。运用所提出的方法,对二苯并呋喃在Norit RB1和Chemviron BPL活性炭上的吸附等温线方程进行了估算。估算结果与静态吸附实验测定结果比较吻合,误差不超过10%。     

活性炭种类对十二烷基硫酸钠吸附容量的影响

利用亚甲蓝分光光度分析法测定典型市售煤基和木质活性炭对溶液中十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的液相吸附等温线,确定活性炭对SDS的吸附容量;采用气体吸附仪表征活性炭的孔结构和比表面积,检测了活性炭样品的碘值及亚甲蓝值;最后关联活性炭吸附性能指标、比表面积与SDS吸附容量之间的关系。结果表明:以长焰煤、无烟煤、褐煤及椰壳为原料制备的4种活性炭对SDS的吸附容量分别为390 mg/g,410 mg/g,434 mg/g及459 mg/g;活性炭对SDS的吸附容量与活性炭的比表面积相关性不明显,却随碘值和亚甲蓝值的增大而增大,这可作为用于脱除电镀液中SDS的活性炭的选择依据。     

D301阴离子交换树脂吸附2-酮基-L-古龙酸母液中草酸的研究

研究了分离出2-酮基-L-古龙酸母液中的草酸时，D301阴离子交换树脂在静态和动态情况下吸附草酸的过程，并利用Freundlich吸附等温方程对吸附等温线数据进行拟合。结果表明：D301树脂对草酸的平衡吸附数据符合Freundlich吸附等温方程，在293、303、313K三种温度下相关系数均大于0．99；且在pH值为6、温度313K、流速30mL／min时吸附量达到最大。这些研究为从古龙酸母液中除去或者回收草酸找到了一种有效的方法，并且可降低母液的COD值，从而降低污染。     

粉末活性炭去除水中氯丁二烯的研究

试验研究了粉末活性炭对氯丁二烯的去除效果以及吸附时间、投加量和水质对粉末活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,粉末活性炭对氯丁二烯的去除率在90%以上,吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freunlich吸附等温线;最佳吸附时间为120min;随着投炭量的增加,氯丁二烯的去除率提高,粉末活性炭的吸附容量降低;在不同水质条件下,粉末活性炭的吸附等温线不同,因此在应急处理中,首先应确定原水水质下的吸附等温线,然后计算出投炭量。     

小分子烷烃在TON沸石上吸附性能的计算机模拟

采用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法模拟计算了甲烷、乙烷和丙烷在TON沸石上的吸附等温线,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,模拟了甲烷、乙烷和丙烷在TON中的吸附位、吸附能以及混合气体的吸附等温线.结果表明,3种短链烷烃在TON沸石的吸附位均在TON沸石的10-元氧环中.在273 K时,丙烷在TON上的吸附能绝对值远大于甲烷和乙烷;在773 K时,3种气体的吸附能绝对值相同.3种气体吸附能绝对值几乎均小于100 kJ/mol,说明它们在TON上的吸附是物理吸附.了解单组分气体以及混合气体在TON沸石上的吸附特性,对应用TON沸石分离气体的技术提供了有益参考.     

芹菜渣对Cu2+的吸附特性和吸附机理研究

采用静置吸附法,以芹菜渣为吸附剂,研究其对Cu2+的吸附特性与吸附机理,结果显示:芹菜渣对Cu2+的吸附率随其粒径的减小而增大;Cu2+溶液初始浓度相同时,吸附率随芹菜渣用量增加而增大,而当用量相同时,对不同浓度的Cu2+溶液吸附率在15 mg/L均出现1次极大值.正交试验得到3因素对吸附效果的影响程度顺序为pH>温度>时间,最优吸附条件是pH=6,吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为3 h.吸附以单分子层的物理吸附为主,Freundlich吸附等温式能更好地描述芹菜渣对Cu2+的吸附热力学情况,标准状态下芹菜渣对Cu2+的吸附热为10.49 kJ/mol;吸附过程是先快速吸附,当吸附时间超过60 min时,吸附量的增加趋于平缓,吸附动力学用一级动力学模型描述更合适.