Behavior of Decayed Spruce (Picea abies) during Kraft Pulping

This study indicated that by applying an improved classification system to decayed large-diameter Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, its use as raw material for kraft pulping without loss of pulp quality could be essentially increased. This is based on the fact that although the cooking yield of decayed spruce material which has been sorted according to these new recommendations is somewhat lower and Kappa number higher than those of sound wood material, the greatest part of the decayed stem (the outer part of the stem) contains long-fiber wood material which produces pulp of good quality. Therefore, large-diameter spruce logs can also be separately used, for example, in the manufacture of reinforcement pulp.     

Imidazolium functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell applications

In this study, imidazolium functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was synthesized by acetalization and direct quaternization reaction. Afterwards, composite anion exchange membranes based on imidazolium‐ and quaternary ammonium‐ functionalized PVA were used for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell applications. ¹H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated that imidazole functionalized PVA was successfully synthesized. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data demonstrated that the imidazolium structure was efficiently obtained by direct quaternization of the imidazole group. Composite anion exchange membranes were fabricated by application of the functionalized PVA solution on the surface of porous polycarbonate (PC) membranes. Fuel cell related properties of all prepared membranes were investigated systematically. The imidazolium functionalized composite membrane (PVA‐Im/PC) exhibited higher ionic conductivity (7.8 mS cm^?1 at 30 °C) despite a lower water uptake and ion exchange capacity value compared to that of quaternary ammonium. In addition, PVA‐Im/PC showed the lowest methanol permeation rate and the highest membrane selectivity as well as high alkaline and oxidative stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis results reveal that both composite membranes were mechanically resistant up to 10⁷ Pa at 140 °C. The superior performance of imidazolium functionalized PVA composite membrane compared to quaternary ammonium functionalized membrane makes it a promising candidate for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

汽车锁零部件碱性锌镍合金电镀工艺

介绍了汽车锁零部件碱性挂镀锌镍合金电镀生产线的开发过程,包括前期市场调研、中期小槽试验、后期成本核算、电镀工艺流程确定、废水处理工艺制定以及阳极膜应用可行性分析。     

柠条的纤维特性及其双螺杆CMP制浆性能研究

以柠条为原料，分析了其化学组分和纤维形态，并探讨了柠条双螺杆CMP法的制浆工艺以及浆料的纤维形态和成纸的物理性能。研究结果表明：与针、阔叶木相比，柠条原料中纤维素和综纤维素质量分数较低，苯醇抽出物和热水抽出物质量分数较高，柠条纤维长度总体偏短，木质部和皮部的纤维质量平均长度分别为0.621和0.819 mm，还存在部分杂细胞。采用3.5% Na₂SO₃和1.5% NaOH常温预浸12 h、90℃汽蒸1 h后再用双螺杆挤浆机在质量分数35%下进行搓丝，并结合高浓盘磨机磨浆，所得CMP浆得率可达73%。柠条CMP浆基本保持了纤维原有的长度，质量平均长度达0.650 mm，长宽比为32.7，纤维解离较好，但分丝帚化情况不理想，含有部分纤维束和杂细胞。当加拿大游离度为300 mL时，柠条CMP浆成纸的环压强度指数和松厚度较高，分别为8.67（N·m）/g和2.56 cm³/g，抗张指数为19.6（N·m）/g，本色浆白度较高，达50%（ISO）。柠条CMP浆适合配抄瓦楞原纸等包装用纸，漂白后可配抄新闻纸和白板纸。     

响应面优化碱性蛋白酶法提取藜麦淀粉工艺

采用青海高原藜麦作为原料,碱性蛋白酶作为酶解剂,研究藜麦淀粉的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,以藜麦淀粉提取率作为评价指标,利用响应面法优化提取藜麦淀粉的工艺条件。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为酶添加量为0.598%,pH值为9.09,酶解时间为122 min,酶解温度为40.60℃,在此条件下藜麦淀粉提取率的预测值为89.26%。以最佳工艺条件对藜麦淀粉进行提取,验证试验中藜麦淀粉的提取率为(89.09±0.15)%,蛋白质残留率为(1.02±0.46)%。藜麦淀粉提取率的预测值与实测值的相对误差为0.19%,与所建立的模型预测值接近,表明此模型优化藜麦淀粉提取工艺具有可行性与科学性。     

煤/石油焦共气化过程中AAEM的催化转化行为

以富含碱金属及碱土金属的准东煤和石油焦为原料,在热重反应器上分别进行了水蒸气及CO2条件下的共气化实验,探究了AAEM的赋存形态对其转化行为及燃料气化特性的影响规律.研究表明,准东煤与石油焦在水蒸气条件下的共气化反应速率明显快于CO2条件,来自煤中的AAEM促进了石油焦的气化.在CO2气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用存在较大差异,盐酸溶态的Ca起主要催化作用,并在气化过程中生成CaS.而在水蒸气气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用差异较小,气化过程中含Ca组分主要生成CaO.