Stabilization of bioethanol recovery with silicone rubber‐coated ethanol‐permselective silicalite membranes by controlling the pH of acidic feed solution

In order to produce highly concentrated bioethanol by pervaporation using an ethanol‐permselective silicalite membrane, techniques to suppress adsorption of succinic acid, which is a chief by‐product of ethanol fermentation and causes the deterioration in pervaporation performance, onto the silicalite crystals was investigated. The amount adsorbed increased as the pH of the aqueous succinic acid solution decreased. The pervaporation performance also decreased with decreasing pH when the ternary mixtures of ethanol/water/succinic acid were separated. Using silicalite membranes individually coated with two types of silicone rubber, pervaporation performance was significantly improved in the pH range of 5 to 7, when compared with that of non‐coated silicalite membranes in ternary mixtures of ethanol/water/succinic acid. Moreover, when using a silicalite membrane double‐coated with the two types of silicone rubber, pervaporation performance was stabilized at lower pH values. In the separation of bioethanol by pervaporation using the double‐coated silicalite membrane, removal of accumulated substances having an ultraviolet absorption maximum at approximately 260 nm from the fermentation broth proved to be vital for efficient pervaporation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Stability of ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO2 or ZrO2 in catalytic wet air oxidation

The stability of ruthenium catalysts supported on TiO₂ and ZrO₂ were studied in the wet air oxidation of aqueous solution of succinic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids taken as model effluent and on real effluents from the paper-pulp industry. Catalyst recycling experiments were conducted in batch reactor and long-term stability tests were conducted in trickle-bed reactor. In all experiments, ruthenium and support materials were perfectly stable to leaching, sintering and fouling. Ruthenium catalysts experienced a weak deactivation as they were exposed to air, e.g., in recycling experiments however the loss of activity occurred only after the first exposure and was completely reversible upon catalyst reduction. The deactivation was attributed to an over-oxidation of the catalyst surface particularly noticeable in the case of very small Ru-clusters (1 nm).     

琥珀酸酐修饰的单氨基四苯基卟啉的合成与表征

卟啉化合物具有特殊的理化性质和生理功能,已经成为研究热点之一。在卟啉分子中引入亲水基团例如羧基可以提高其水溶性。本文利用琥珀酸酐对单氨基四苯基卟啉进行了修饰,将一个羧基引入卟啉分子。采用核磁共振、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱等手段对产物进行了表征,实验结果为首次报道。元素分析所得结果与理论计算值一致。同时,报道了产物4-氧代-4-((4-(10,15,20-三苯基-21H,23H-卟啉-5-基)苯基)氨基)丁酸的溶解性质。     

烯基琥珀酸酐表面改性淀粉膜羟基取代度的影响因素

以十二烯基琥珀酸酐和辛烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂对淀粉膜进行表面改性,通过正交试验研究了各种因素对淀粉膜表面羟基取代度的综合影响。结果表明,用十二烯基琥珀酸酐表面改性时,影响羟基取代度的最重要因素是酸酐稀释倍数;用辛烯基琥珀酸酐改性时,影响羟基取代度的最主要的因素是平衡环境的湿度;将十二烯基琥珀酸酐和辛烯基琥珀酸酐按不同的比例混合起来对淀粉膜表面改性,影响其羟基取代度的最主要因素是碱溶液质量分数。     

碳基萘磺酸在烯基琥珀酸酐合成上的应用

以C13-C14的内烯烃和顺丁烯二酸酐制备烯基琥珀酸酐为探针反应,利用碳基萘磺酸催化合成了烯基琥珀酸酐,考察了催化剂的催化活性和稳定性,利用气相色谱对产品的产率进行定量分析.结果表明:该催化剂在烯基琥珀酸酐的合成中具有较高的催化活性和良好的稳定性.在碳基萘磺酸催化剂的活化温度为250℃情况下,反应操作的最佳条件是:反应...     

The influence of macromolecular architecture on the critical aggregation concentration of large amphiphilic starch derivatives

A range of hyperbranched emulsifiers were prepared by reaction between starch and 2-octen-1-yl succinic anhydride (OSA, commonly used in the food industry), under slightly basic conditions in water, leading to starches bearing hydrophobic OSA groups randomly distributed along the chains. By using different starch backbones and varying the amount of OSA during the synthesis, amphiphilic OSA-modified starches were obtained that formed aggregates in water and having controlled structural parameters. These parameters were characterized using ¹H NMR, multiple-angle laser light scattering and size-exclusion chromatography. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) was measured for samples with different levels of OSA modification, of macromolecular size and degree of starch branching. Increasing the dispersity in macromolecular size and/or degree of OSA substitution noticeably decreased the CAC. The results are interpreted in terms of the branching structure and conformation of the modified starches: all findings can be understood in terms of the various influences of molecular size, composition and flexibility. The structural factors affecting the CAC of large hyperbranched surfactants are found to be similar to those seen with smaller and simpler branched synthetic surfactants.     

烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)双键异构体结构的解析研究

针对目前通过ene反应制备烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)所遇到的双键迁移后位置不确定的问题,利用油酸作原料合成并分离了烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)-甲酯中含量最多的两个异构体化合物,之后采用臭氧化的方法对其中一个异构体的双键进行切断,并使用了核磁共振、质谱对产物结构进行了表征,从而逆推出了烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)-甲酯中一个主要异构体的结构,为ASA的深度研究提供了结构上的有力支持。