Effect of α-Lipoic Acid on the Development of Human Skin Equivalents Using a Pumpless Skin-on-a-Chip Model

Owing to the prohibition of cosmetic animal testing, various attempts have recently been made using skin-on-a-chip (SOC) technology as a replacement for animal testing. Previously, we reported the development of a pumpless SOC capable of drug testing with a simple drive using the principle that the medium flows along the channel by gravity when the chip is tilted using a microfluidic channel. In this study, using pumpless SOC, instead of drug testing at the single-cell level, we evaluated the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA), which is known as an anti-aging substance in skin equivalents, for skin tissue and epidermal structure formation. The expression of proteins and changes in genotyping were compared and evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological analysis showed a difference in the activity of fibroblasts in the dermis layer with respect to the presence or absence of ALA. We observed that the epidermis layer became increasingly prominent as the culture period was extended by treatment with 10 μM ALA. The expression of epidermal structural proteins of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, and collagen IV increased because of the effect of ALA. Changes in the epidermis layer were noticeable after the ALA treatment. As a result of aging, damage to the skin-barrier function and structural integrity is reduced, indicating that ALA has an anti-aging effect. We performed a gene analysis of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, integrin, and collagen I genes in ALA-treated human skin equivalents, which indicated an increase in filaggrin gene expression after ALA treatment. These results indicate that pumpless SOC can be used as an in vitro skin model similar to human skin, protein and gene expression can be analyzed, and it can be used for functional drug tests of cosmetic materials in the future. This technology is expected to contribute to the development of skin disease models.     

4种藏纸的抗老化性能初探

本实验分析了西藏雪拉藏纸、四川德格藏纸、囊谦嘎玛藏纸和囊谦黑色藏纸等4种藏纸的抗老化性能的差异性。分别对4种藏纸进行了紫外光老化前后纸张白度、耐折度、抗张力等指标的检测。结果表明，4种藏纸老化前各项指标相差较大，老化后上述指标均呈现下降趋势，西藏雪拉藏纸和四川德格藏纸的白度、耐折度、抗张力保留率好，具有相对良好的抗老化性。     

沙棘多糖对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

评价PBP(polysaccharide from Hippophae rhamnoides,PBP)对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用。小鼠分为空白组、衰老模型组、阳性组(V_E 170 mg/kg)、PBP低(100 mg/kg)、中(200 mg/kg)、高(400 mg/kg)剂量组,连续灌胃30 d,测定其脏器指数、肝、脑组织及血清的SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量;HE染色观察各组动物肝脏及脑组织细胞及结构变化。结果表明,与模型组相比,PBP高剂量及V_E组小鼠体质量增长幅度最大,PBP高、中及V_E组的脑、心脏及脾脏指数与模型组相比均显著提高(P<0.05,P<0.01);PBP高、中剂量组中肝、脑及血清中的GSH-Px均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01),PBP高剂量中肝、脑及血清中的SOD均极显著高于模型组(P<0.01),PBP高剂量及V_E组中肝、脑及血清中的MDA均极显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。组织切片HE染色发现PBP对衰老导致小鼠肝、脑组织细胞及结构损伤具有保护作用。PBP对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老模型小鼠的保护作用可能与其具有抗氧化作用有关。     

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）叶水提物对UVB致 皮肤损伤的保护作用

在草莓叶水提物（Strawberry leaf water extract，SLWE）制备基础上，测定SLWE成分，抗氧化活性、抑制非酶糖基化（NEG）能力，及SLWE对正常生长人皮肤成纤维细胞（HFF-1）细胞活率、透明质酸（HA）、人I型胶原蛋白（COL I）、羟脯氨酸（HYP）、基质金属蛋白酶1（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）含量，评价SLWE延缓皮肤衰老功效。在中波紫外线（UVB）致HFF-1损伤模型基础上，测定SLWE对保护组活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）、MMP-1和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响，探讨SLWE对UVB致HFF-1损伤保护机制。结果表明：SLWE富含Vc、槲皮素、绿原酸、没食子酸及儿茶素类物质，其中槲皮素含量12.86 mg/L，表儿茶素含量10.13 mg/L。SLWE自由基清除能力良好，清除不同自由基能力依次为O2-?＞DPPH＞ABTS＞亚铁离子螯和＞?OH；水溶液体积分数为1%的SLWE非酶糖基化抑制率为87.17%；体积分数大于3%的SLWE可提高HFF-1中HA、COL I和HYP含量（p＜0.05），体积分数为6%的SLWE可降低MMP-1含量（p＜0.01），说明SLWE具有提升皮肤含水量，增加胶原含量，抑制胶原降解，实现延缓衰老的功效；在SLWE对UVB致HFF-1损伤保护模型中，SLWE可有效降低因UVB刺激而产生的ROS，体积分数6%的SLWE可显著降MDA，抑制MMP-1表达，提高SOD活力，说明SLWE有助于缓解氧化应激造成的细胞损伤。     

Sterols from Mytilidae Show Anti-Aging and Neuroprotective Effects via Anti-Oxidative Activity

For screening anti-aging samples from marine natural products, K6001 yeast strain was employed as a bioassay system. The active mussel extract was separated to give an active sterol fraction (SF). SF was further purified, and four sterol compounds were obtained. Their structures were determined to be cholesterol (CHOL), brassicasterol, crinosterol, and 24-methylenecholesterol. All compounds showed similar anti-aging activity. To understand the action mechanism involved, anti-oxidative experiments, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, and malondialdehyde (MDA) tests were performed on the most abundant compound, CHOL. Results indicated that treatment with CHOL increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS and MDA levels. In addition, mutations of uth1, skn7, sod1, and sod2, which feature a K6001 background, were employed and the lifespans of the mutations were not affected by CHOL. These results demonstrate that CHOL exerts anti-aging effects via anti-oxidative stress. Based on the connection between neuroprotection and anti-aging, neuroprotective experiments were performed in PC12 cells. Paraquat was used to induce oxidative stress and the results showed that the CHOL and SF protect the PC12 cells from the injury induced by paraquat. In addition, these substance exhibited nerve growth factor (NGF) mimic activities again confirmed their neuroprotective function.     

纳米改性水性外墙涂料的抗紫外老化性能研究

采用共混法,将分散后的复合纳米ZnO-CeO2粉体掺杂到水性外墙涂料中,考察不同添加量的纳米颗粒对其紫外吸收抗老化能力的影响。结果表明,当改性纳米占浆料的质量百分比为1%~1.5%时,其紫外吸收抗老化能力最佳,改性涂料的耐水性、耐碱性、耐洗刷性和耐人工气候老化性都明显高于国标中优等品的技术要求。     

纳米复合材料改性乳胶漆的抗老化性能

采用纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO分别与纳米SiO2复合，进行2种复合体系改性建筑外墙乳胶漆的抗老化性能比较．结果表明：纳米SiO2与纳米TiO2复合改性乳胶漆的抗老化性能得到明显提高，而纳米SiO2与纳米ZnO复合改性乳胶漆的抗老化性能的提高并不明显．对纳米TiO2、纳米ZnO、纳米SiO2及复合粉体的紫外—可见光吸收光谱的研究表明：纳米TiO2与纳米SiO2复合改性乳胶漆的紫外光吸收率达到93％以上，可以有效地发挥紫外吸收作用，从而提高其抗老化性能。     

复合热稳定剂对绝缘纸协同抗老化效应的分子模拟研究

为了从微观层面探究热稳定剂的复合添加对绝缘纸协同抗热老化特性的影响机理,以双氰胺、三聚氰胺为热稳定剂研究对象,对老化过程中的热稳定剂、β-D-吡喃葡萄糖分子、水分子和小分子酸等进行了量子化学计算,利用前线轨道理论考察了不同分子之间的化学反应活性。此外,采用分子动力学模拟软件,搭建了末添加、单一添加和复合添加热稳定剂的四种纤维素含水含酸模型,从纤维素与水分子、蚁酸分子的氢键结合数、相互作用能这两个方面考察了不同改性体系的差异及抗老化性能差异的机理。结果表明:热稳定剂分子与水分子、小分子酸的化学反应活性要强于β-D-吡喃葡萄糖分子与这些物质的反应活性;两种热稳定剂分子分别与水分子、小分子酸的反应活性存在差异,复合添加可以集中二者的优势,起到协同延缓绝缘纸老化的效果;双氰胺与三聚氰胺的复合添加在降低纤维素分子对水分子、蚁酸分子的吸附能力上存在协同作用。     

聚丙烯单丝用抗老化剂浅述

简述了聚丙烯的老化机制,着重介绍了在光氧作用下的老化及添加抗老化剂的措施,分别从添加紫外线吸收剂、氢过氧化物分解剂、激发态猝灭剂和自由基捕获剂、光屏蔽剂六种助剂出发,研究其作用机制、性能优势并综述当前的研究进展。研究了在水和金属离子以及力的作用等不同环境因素影响下聚丙烯的老化过程,最后简要介绍了目前的复合抗老化剂。     

Glucosamine Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via Autophagy Induction

Glucosamine (GlcN) is commonly used as a dietary supplement to promote cartilage health in humans. We previously reported that GlcN could induce autophagy in cultured mammalian cells. Autophagy is known to be involved in the prevention of various diseases and aging. Here, we showed that GlcN extended the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by inducing autophagy. Autophagy induction by GlcN was demonstrated by western blotting for LGG-1 (an ortholog of mammalian LC3) and by detecting autophagosomal dots in seam cells by fluorescence microscopy. Lifespan assays revealed that GlcN-induced lifespan extension was achieved with at least 5 mM GlcN. A maximum lifespan extension of approximately 30 % was achieved with 20 mM GlcN (p<0.0001). GlcN-induced lifespan extension was not dependent on the longevity genes daf-16 and sir-2.1 but dependent on the autophagy-essential gene atg-18. Therefore, we suggest that oral administration of GlcN could help delay the aging process via autophagy induction.