不同种类牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑制作用

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是引起牙周炎的重要病原菌。本研究选取市售常见13种牙膏,利用药物敏感试验方法对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌性能进行测定。结果表明,中药牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌均有不同程度的抑制作用;氟化物牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌有一定的抑制效果,但作用较小;而普通牙膏对该菌无抑制作用。为了防治牙龈卟啉单胞菌引起的牙周炎,要慎重选择牙膏种类。     

八角茴香抑菌活性试验研究

目的：考察中药八角的抑菌活性效果。方法：采用最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定方法和抑菌活性试验。结果：不同产地的八角茴香对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌均有较强的抑制作用,广西产地八角茴香对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌的MIC分别为15.625g/mL、31.25g/mL、125g/mL、62.5g/mL。其抑菌活性为中敏。结论：中药八角茴香有较强的抑菌效果。     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different propolis samples from north‐western Algeria

The aim of this study was the investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) collected from north‐western Algeria. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of extracts were measured. The UV absorption spectrum showed and confirmed their polyphenols constituents. All EEPs exerted antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, but no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEPs ranged from 0.01% to 2.6% v/v. The antioxidant activity was measured using ferric‐reducing power (FRAP), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging and ESR methods. Propolis TIA‐2 and MOH‐MAS samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity, after 35 min, while TIA‐1, NED‐TL and SFS‐SBA samples showed the highest antioxidative potential of measured EEPs, after 3 min. TIA‐2 sample showed the highest antibacterial, antioxidant activity and highest DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content, compared with other propolis samples.     

水溶性大豆多糖的抑菌活性研究

对大豆多糖的抑菌活性进行了研究。试验表明,大豆多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、产黄青霉和黑曲霉都有一定的抑制作用;在pH6的条件下大豆多糖抑菌活性最强;大豆多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和产黄青霉的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为8．0、6．0、1．0mg／mL和1．0mg／mL。     

Preparation,characterization, antibacterial properties and hydrophobic evaluation of SiO2/Ag nanosol coated cotton/linen fabric

Abstract

Surface modification is an important element of textile manufacturing. The SiO₂/Ag sol–gel was coated on the cotton/linen fabric by a simple two-dipping-two-rolling coating machine. SEM, Zeta-potential, (ATR)-FTIR and XRD, physical properties, water-droplet adsorption, antibacterial performance and water-resisting property have been adopted as the characterization techniques. The Zeta-potential showed that the nano-Ag particles affected the size of SiO₂ nanoparticles. The results showed that antibacterial activity and hydrophobic property of cotton/linen fabric increased with the increasing concentration of the AgNO₃. Air permeability was not decreased considerably, whereas tensile strength was increased significantly after coating twice. The SiO₂/Ag coating cotton/linen fabric had an excellent antibacterial performance. Our results demonstrate that this SiO₂/Ag coated cotton/linen fabric is a step towards better hydrophobic performance of textile materials.     

壳聚糖对Nisin抑菌稳定性的影响研究

研究了壳聚糖对乳酸链球菌肽（Nisin）抑菌稳定性的作用,并利用红外光谱仪和差式扫描量热仪（DSC）分析了壳聚糖对Nisin保护作用的机理。结果表明：壳聚糖可以显著提高Nisin的抑菌稳定性,在不同的温度及pH范围内,其保护效果有所差异;壳聚糖浓度在1％时效果最好;红外光谱和DSC图谱研究显示,壳聚糖能与Nisin形成氢键,稳定Nisin的空间结构,并能提高Nisin的热稳定性,从而改善了其抑菌稳定性。     

中草药提取物对沙门氏菌的抑菌效果研究

主要选用黄连、蒲公英、黄柏、半枝莲、黄芩、石榴皮、板蓝根、连翘、柴胡、丁香等十味中草药,采用煎煮法提取其有效成分,并对这十味中药提取物在体外对致病性沙门氏菌的抑菌效果进行了测定。实验结果表明:不同中药提取物对沙门氏菌有不同的抑制效果,其中黄连、石榴皮、黄柏三味中药的抑菌效果较好;测得其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.0625、0.125、0.125g/mL;最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.125、0.25、0.25g/mL。经线性回归计算,50%抑制时的有效浓度(EC50)分别为0.1414、0.3289、0.3598g/mL。     

Silver nanoparticles: A novel antibacterial agent for control of Cronobacter sakazakii

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been widely applied because of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, little research has been done to evaluate their effects on Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic pathogen usually infecting infants and having a high fatality rate. The aims of this work were to investigate the antibacterial property of novel, synthesized, positively charged silver nanoparticles against C. sakazakii and to discuss the potential antibacterial mechanisms involved. In this study, the spherical and face-centered cubic silver nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 31.2 nm and were synthesized by reducing Ag⁺ using citrate and dispersed by glycerol and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) under alkaline conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and inhibition zone tests showed that the AgNP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against 4 tested C. sakazakii strains with mean MIC of 62.5 to 125 mg/L and average inhibition zone diameters of 13.8 to 16.3 mm. Silver nanoparticles caused cell membrane injury accompanied by adsorption of AgNP onto the cell surface, as shown by changes in cell morphology, cell membrane hyperpolarization, and accelerated leakage of intracellular reducing sugars and proteins outward from the cytoplasm. In addition, dysfunction of the respiratory chain was induced after treatment with AgNP, which was supported by a decrease in intracellular ATP and inhibition of related dehydrogenases. This research indicates that AgNP could be a novel and efficient antibacterial agent to control C. sakazakii contamination in environments producing powdered infant formulas from milk.     

鲶鱼骨蛋白酶解物中抗菌活性物质的初步分离纯化

用胃蛋白酶酶解鲶鱼头、鱼骨,酶解得到抑菌活性较高的鲶鱼骨酶解液,然后对酶解液进行初步分离与纯化。鲶鱼骨蛋白抑菌活性最强的酶解物经过超滤(MW3 000 u)和Sephadex G-15凝胶层析分离纯化,采用比浊法和滤纸片法测定其抑菌活性。结果表明,分离纯化后,酶解混合物对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌以及枯草杆菌的抑菌活性都有一定的提高,其中层析后峰2的抑菌活性最强,峰2对大肠杆菌、藤黄微球菌以及枯草杆菌的抑菌活性要比酶解粗品提高1倍左右,且各组分的平均分子质量均在1 500 u以下。峰2经反相高效液相色谱分析得出,组分由70多种物质组成,要想得到纯的抗菌活性物质还需要进一步深入研究。