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为了解白皮大蒜和紫皮大蒜精油成分及生物活性差异,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白皮大蒜和紫皮大蒜精油,通过气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析测定两种大蒜精油的可挥发性成分;用对倍稀释法研究两种大蒜精油对几种常见病原菌的抑制活性;采用小叶碟法测定两种大蒜精油对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性;并检测白皮、紫皮大蒜精油对ABTS、DPPH和OH自由基的清除作用。结果表明:白皮大蒜精油鉴定出26种成分,占精油的95.79%;紫皮大蒜精油鉴定出22种成分,占精油的94.26%,主要杀菌物质大蒜辣素和大蒜新素在紫皮大蒜(59.34%)中的含量比白皮大蒜(50.11%)多;两种大蒜精油对实验用菌有明显抑制作用,尤其紫皮大蒜精油对枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、热带假丝酵母菌和板栗疫病的抑制效果比白皮大蒜好;白皮大蒜和紫皮大蒜精油对斜纹夜蛾24h平均拒食率分别为52.97%和100%;白皮大蒜精油对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除率高于紫皮大蒜精油,对OH自由基的清除率基本相当。 相似文献
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G. B. Russell W. S. Bowers V. Keesing H. M. Niemeyer T. Sevenet S. Vasanthaverni S. D. Wratten 《Journal of chemical ecology》2000,26(1):41-56
Nothofagus species from Chile and New Zealand were surveyed in the field for invertebrate abundance and leaf feeding damage and in the laboratory for antifeedant activity against leafrollers (Ctenopsteustis obliquana, Epiphyas postvittana), deterrent activity against pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), insect growth regulatory activity (Oncopeltus fasciatus), nematicidal activity (Caenorhabditis elegans), antibiotic activity (Pseudomonas solanaciarium), and general toxicity. A data matrix indicated that N. alessandri and N. pumilio most likely have a chemical barrier to insect attack as leaves showed low faunal abundance, low herbivory, and activity in the leafroller antifeedant, aphid deterrent, and nematicidal assays. A chemical examination of N. alessandri that used the leafroller antifeedant test to guide the separation yielded an active fraction containing the flavonoid, galangin, and the stilbene, pinosylvin, which appear to act in concert to deter leafroller feeding. The discovery of the phytoalexin, pinosylvin, in the leaves, raises the possibility that Nothofagus in general, and N. alessandri in particular, may have induced chemical defense mechanisms. 相似文献
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Nutritional indices for larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), larvae fed single and tufted needles of fourLarix spp. are reported. Larvae offered only single needles ofL. lancina, L. russica, andL. decidua had lower relative growth rates than larvae fed tufted needles of the same species. There was no significant reduction in larval growth for larvae fedL.
kaempferi single needles as compared to tufted needles. Abietic acid-treated foliage reduced consumption but did not lower relative growth rate. These findings are discussed with respect to the mechanism of preferential feeding of the larch sawfly and current hypotheses of host plant herbivore interaction.Research supported by the School of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison under a grant from the McIntire-Stennis Program, Project 2243. 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1990,16(2):365-380
The antifeedant activity of a series of 21 chalcones, flavanes, and flavanones isolated from the generaLonchocarpus andTephrosia (Leguminosae) was assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis andS. exempta. The antifeedant activity is related to the molecular structure of the compounds, and possible modes of interaction with the insect taste receptors are discussed. 相似文献
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青蒿素及其衍生物对菜青虫的生物活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以二氢青蒿素为原料合成了10种双二氧青蒿素醚和5种单二氢青蒿素醚,用常规的非选择性叶碟法测定了质量浓度为1.0 g/L的合成化合物、青蒿素和二氢青蒿素对菜青虫的生物活性.结果表明:双醚对菜青虫的拒食活性最为显著,处理后24、48 h的拒食率分别为85.4%~96.9%和90.9%~98.6%,单醚分别为45.5%~60.6%和50.9%~68.2%,二氢青蒿素为36.6%和42.4%,青蒿素为40.1%和47.0%;双醚同样具有较高的杀虫活性,其处理后96 h的校正死亡率为72.7%~95.5%,单醚为45.4%~54.6%,二氢青蒿素为49.9%,青蒿素的杀虫活性不显著.结合活性数据,初步讨论了青蒿素衍生物的构效关系. 相似文献
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Catherine J. Dodds Ian F. Henderson Peter Watson Lucy D. Leake 《Journal of chemical ecology》1999,25(9):2127-2145
A systematic examination was made of the plant family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) in which extracts of 33 species, representing 32 genera, were screened for antifeedant activity against the field slug Deroceras reticulatum by using an electrophysiological recording assay. In this assay, the olfactory sensory epithelium of the posterior tentacle of the slug was exposed to volatile components of the plant extracts presented in an airstream, and any subsequent activity of the olfactory nerve was recorded. Extracts of 22 species elicited a range of nervous activity in the preparation. A feeding bioassay was used to measure any change in consumption when extracts were added to a standard food. Statistical analysis of data obtained from both electrophysiological traces and the feeding bioassays identified extracts of Petroselinum crispum, Conium maculatum, and Coriandrum sativum as being the most neuroactive as well as the most antifeedant. 相似文献
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Factors contributing to resistance of exotic maize populations to maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Serratos J. T. Arnason C. Nozzolillo J. D. H. Lambert B. J. R. Philogène G. Fulcher K. Davidson L. Peacock J. Atkinson P. Morand 《Journal of chemical ecology》1987,13(4):751-762
Factors contributing to resistance of maize to infestation by the corn weevilSitophilus zeamais were investigated in four populations of indigenous and improved maize from Belize. Resistance was related to the antifeedant properties of grain as well as sugar content and mechanical hardness. Grain extracts of all populations of maize significantly reduced insect feeding on treated artificial diets when compared to control diets. Consumption of treated diets was negatively correlated with phenolic content of the grain extract. An analysis by GC-MS indicated that ferulic acid andp-coumaric acid were the principal phenolics present in the extracts, and insect feeding was strongly deterred when pure substances were added to insect diets. Fluorescence associated with ferulic acid and related compounds in grain sections was located in the pericarp and aleurone layer and was especially intense in the most resistant grain variety.Contribution No. 838. 相似文献
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木荷提取物对小菜蛾和菜青虫的拒食活性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
室内测定了木荷甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,木荷树皮甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性最高。木荷树皮甲醇提取物在10g/L的质量浓度下,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24h和48h的拒食率分别为94.27%和94.78%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为2.7445g/L和1.5519g/L;对菜青虫3龄幼虫,在2g/L的质量浓度下,24h和148h的拒食率均达到100%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为0.1053g/L和0.1488g/L。 相似文献
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-Carboline alkaloids are found worldwide in many plant families. Harman, harmine, and other simple -carboline alkaloids were tested for activity against a generalist phytophagous insect, the beet army worm [Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)]. Chronic dietary exposure tests (neonate to pupa) reveal potent antifeedant and possible toxic effects. Acute dietary exposure tests on fifth-instar larvae also demonstrate antifeedant activity. 相似文献