粉煤灰恒压输送滑模控制系统研究

为了克服PID控制器的缺点,有效抑制状态变量的超调问题,加快系统的控制速度,增强系统的抗干扰性,针对粉煤灰恒压输送系统提出了一种自学习滑模控制方法。设计了一种非线性光滑函数,并将其应用于自抗扰控制器、跟踪微分器及滑模趋近律的设计。鉴于进一步提高系统的自适应控制能力,使用了最速下降法对滑模控制器的增益参数进行自学习镇定。仿真与实验结果表明:该方法不仅响应速度快、控制精度高,而且有效抑制和消除了系统抖振和超调现象。     

Inertization of Coal Ashes by the Vitrification Technique: A Mixture Design Approach

This article deals with the study of the vitrification mechanism as an inertization method for coal ashes contaminated with heavy metals. Ashes from coal (thermoelectric) and wastes from mining of fluorite and feldspar and from plating were used to compose vitreous systems using a mixture design. The chemical composition of the wastes was determined by XRF and the formulations were melted at 1450°C for 2 h using 10% (mass) of Na₂CO₃ (as a fluxing agent). The glasses were poured into a mold and annealed (600°C). The characteristic temperatures were determined by thermal analysis (DTA, air, 20°C/min) and the mechanical behavior by HV. As a result, the softening temperature is strongly dependent on silica content of each glass, and the fluorite residue, being composed mainly by silica, strongly affects on the glass transition (T_g) and softening (T_s) temperatures. The hardness by micro-indentation of all glasses is mainly affected by the plating (galvanic) residue due to the high iron and zinc content of this waste.     

上海地区不同商品粉煤灰水泥浆体的流变性能

采集了上海地区不同种类，等级和加工方式的7种商品粉煤灰，测定了种各种粉煤灰水泥浆体的流变性能，研究了商品粉煤灰品质与掺量对浆体流变参数的影响，并分析了影响浆体流变性能的粉煤灰主要品质因素。     

流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水硬性机理研究

经固硫的流化床燃煤灰渣有明显的早期水硬性,甚至可在与水混合几小时后即凝结硬化,而未经固硫的灰渣则不明显。本文采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和化学方法对固硫灰渣早期水硬性机理进行研究,结果表明:固硫灰渣基本不含水泥熟料成分,矿物主要以无定形态存在;固硫灰渣中[SiO4]及[AlO6]的聚合程度均低于未经固硫的流化床灰渣及粉煤灰;进一步的化学测定结果证实,固硫灰渣早期水硬性主要来源于一定数量水化性能较快的无定形矿物组分。     

流化床燃煤固硫渣火山灰活性评定的探讨

流化床燃煤固硫渣是一种特殊的、具有火山灰活性的燃煤副产品,由于其f-CaO和SO3含量较普通煤粉锅炉灰渣高,具有一定的自硬性和膨胀性,目前尚无统一的方法或标准准确评定其火山灰活性,影响了该燃煤副产品的建材资源化利用。根据流化床燃煤固硫渣火山灰活性来源及其特点,参照《用于水泥中的火山灰质混合材料》GB2847和《用于水泥混合材料的工业废渣活性试验方法》GB12957-91,提出采用“水泥熟料胶砂28天抗压强度比”来评定流化床燃煤固流渣的火山灰活性。试验研究表明该方法测定的火山灰活性与其自硬性强度和活性率具有较好的一致性。     

快速测定油脂中的磷脂

对国际GB5537-1985进行改进，使测定植物油中的磷脂的速度提高1-2倍，可准确测定磷脂含量在5000mg/kg以下的各种植物油。     

Assessment of the catalytic effect of various biomass ashes on CO2 gasification of tire char

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various biomass ashes, comprising catalytically active components, on tire char reactivity during the CO₂ gasification process. Ashes from the combustion of corn cobs, beet pulp, sunflower husks and beech chips were selected for the research. Moreover, industrial fly ash from a coal-fired power plant was used as a reference. The tire char-ash blends with different ash contents (0–15 wt%) were gasified in the CO₂ atmosphere under non-isothermal conditions using dynTHERM Rubotherm thermobalance. Based on the n-order Coats and Redfern method, gasification reactivity indicators and kinetics parameters were calculated. The results showed that the addition of biomass ashes enhanced reactivity of tire char, and the magnitude of these changes depended on both the quantity and type of the additive. With the increase in the amount of added biomass ashes, the catalytic effect increased, and their efficiency can be ranked as follows: sunflower husk ash > corn cobs ash ≅ beet pulp ash > beech chips ash. In turn, reference fly ash from a power plant slightly affected the CO₂ gasification of tire char, regardless of its amount. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation between the reactivity indicator and the amount of K₂O, MgO and P₂O₅ in ashes analysed has been proved (reactivity indicator improved with an increase in these components amount). The performed analysis provides valuable information regarding the composition of catalysts characterised by high catalytic activity in the tire char gasification process.     

Corrosion behavior of Fe‐Si metallic coatings added with NiCrAlY in an environment of fuel oil ashes at 700°C

Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion tests for 300 h at 700°C in a furnace have been used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of Fe‐Si metallic coatings added with up to 50 wt.% of NiCrAIY. The corrosive environment was fuel oil ashes from a steam generator. The composition of fuel oil ashes includes high content of vanadium, sodium and sulfur. The results obtained show that only the addition of 20 wt.% NiCrAlY to the Fe‐Si coating improves its corrosion resistance. The behavior of all tested coatings is explained by the results obtained from the analysis of every coating using electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis.     

浅谈沙尘暴对焦化生产中煤焦质量的影响

分析沙尘暴的扬尘对生产中原煤和焦炭灰分含量的影响,提出应急措施和工作方法以及遗留问题。     

循环流化床锅炉固硫灰与煤粉锅炉粉煤灰的比较研究

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等方法对循环流化床锅炉固硫灰（CFB灰）和煤粉锅炉粉煤灰（PC灰）的物理性能、化学成分、矿物组成、活性和水化膨胀性能等方面进行比较研究。结果表明固硫灰的颗粒表面比粉煤灰疏松,需水量约为粉煤灰的2倍;相比PC灰,CFB灰有较高的CaO和SO3含量,且不含莫来石。CFB灰的火山灰活性明显高于PC灰,且具有自硬性,产生的膨胀也高于粉煤灰。