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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(49):21231-21240
To explore the feasibility and related mechanism of MFC biosensor for wastewater detection under the action of combined heavy metals. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to explore the related bioelectrochemical process. The response of the reactor to single/combined heavy metals, low/high heavy metal concentrations, and the differences in ohmic resistance (Rs) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) were investigated using Ni as the core heavy metal and the combined action of Cd, Cu and Zn. The results indicated that there was a linear relationship between the concentration and output voltage of the MFC biosensor under the action of combined heavy metals (R2 = 0.8803–0.973). However, the internal resistance (Rint) of the MFC biosensor under the action of single heavy metal was far less than that of the combined heavy metal group, and the power density (19.849 W m?3) was 4 times that of the combined heavy metal group (3.109–4.589 W m?3). The Rs of the biosensors in the combined heavy metal group were 0.868Ω and 0.860, which were higher than 0.768Ω of the single heavy metal sensor. With the increase of the concentration of heavy metals in the influent, the increase of Rct was more obvious in the combined group, while the Rs in the single group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results imply that it is possible for MFC biosensors to be used in the detection of actual water polluted by various heavy metals, but the biosensor performance is mainly limited by Rct, which needs to be further improved. 相似文献
2.
金属材料难以避免地会经常产生表面吸附与腐蚀,从而造成材料表面腐蚀失效,给生命安全与社会经济造成巨大的危害与损失,研发高效的金属表面防护涂层是一种关键技术手段。利用自由基共聚法,制备了兼具高疏水性与优异的防腐功能的有机硅-丙烯酸酯复合树脂材料。通过核磁共振氢谱、原子力显微镜、接触角以及腐蚀溶液浸泡等测试手段,对复合材料进行了化学结构、形貌及性能的测试和表征。研究结果表明:复合涂层的表面呈现典型的纳米级粗糙结构,分布着微纳米富硅储液池;复合树脂在金属表面成膜后可显示很高的疏水特性,其表面水滴的前进、后退接触角(θA,θR)分别为106和94 °,优异的疏水性能使其可应用于高效油水分离;该涂层对常见液体以及脱氮假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp均显示出优异的防吸附性能,特别是该复合树脂涂层还具有良好的抗酸、碱、盐腐蚀性和机械稳定性。上述结果表明,有机硅-丙烯酸酯复合树脂涂层在诸多领域均具有较高的应用潜力。 相似文献
3.
Hybrid nanofluid boundary layer flow past a stretching surface with zero mass flux boundary condition is explored in this article. The main aim of this article is to analyze the electromagnetohydrodynamic role in a hybrid nanofluid containing silver and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles. The self-similar solution is embedded to reduce the governing partial differential equation into algebraic equations and a shooting algorithm is applied to obtain the solution of the resultant boundary value problem. Variation in momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration is explained through graphical profiles. Nusselt number and drag force coefficients are computed for various flow parameters and their impact on the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is computed and presented and explained in a comparative fashion. It is observed that the velocity profile shows the opposite nature with respect to the electric field and magnetic field. For electric field parameter velocity accelerates whereas for magnetic parameter velocity diminishes. Nusselt number increases with electric field parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. 相似文献
4.
In the present paper, therapeutic treatment of infected tumorous cells has been studied through mathematical modeling and simulation of heat transfer in tissues by using a nonlinear dual-phase lag bioheat transfer model with Dirichlet boundary condition. The components of volumetric heat source in this model such as blood perfusion and metabolism are assumed experimentally validated temperature-dependent function, which gives more accurate temperature distribution in tissues through this model. We have used the finite difference and RK (4, 5) techniques of numerical methods to solve the proposed problem and obtained the exact solution in a particular case. After comparison, we got a good agreement between them. We have used dimensionless quantities throughout this paper. The effect of relaxation and thermalization time with respect to dimensionless temperature distribution has been analyzed in the treatment process. 相似文献
5.
6.
Alexander Van-Brunt Patrick E. Farrell Charles W. Monroe 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(5):e17599
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas. 相似文献
7.
Pimchaya Luangaramvej Peeranuch Poungsripong Stephan Thierry Dubas 《Polymer International》2022,71(1):139-145
Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes prepared from poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) were modified by crossflow polymerization of aniline (ANI). The PEC membranes were used as separators in a two-compartment setup where ANI monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidant diffused through the membranes to form polyaniline (PANI). APS and ANI having different distributions throughout the membranes, the reaction led to the asymmetric polymerization of PANI on one face of each PEC membrane thus producing Janus membranes. Due to the excess PANI content, the membrane displayed distinct asymmetric electrical conductivities on each face. Interestingly, very different ANI polymerizations were obtained when nonstoichiometric PEC membranes having different molar ratio of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes (P+:P? represents PDADMAC:PSS) were used and transport of APS was fastest through the 2:1 PEC when compared to the 1:2 PEC. In all experiments, the polymerization was most intense on the ANI side of the membranes. Also, the influence of NaCl both during PEC fabrication and during polymerization was studied and found to have some effect on the solute permeability. Results showed that a higher content of PANI was formed on PEC membranes having excess P+ and with no NaCl added during PEC fabrication. Although X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of PANI on both sides of each membrane, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that both sides of each membrane had different PANI content deposited. Electrical conductivity measurements using a four-point probe setup also showed that the PEC–PANI exhibits asymmetric electrical property on different sides. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry. 相似文献
8.
基于石蜡和高孔密度的泡沫铜制备了复合相变蓄热材料,设计并搭建了一套可视化蓄热实验装置,分析了高孔密度下泡沫铜填充率对石蜡相变过程的强化传热机理,得到了复合相变蓄热材料的综合传热系数。实验结果表明,当泡沫铜填充率为0、0.43%、1.29%和2.15%时,复合相变材料的综合传热系数先减小后增大,分别为1.26W/(m·K)、1.18W/(m·K)、1.44W/(m·K)和1.88W/(m·K),因此随着泡沫铜填充率的增加,复合相变材料的融化时间先增长后缩短。此外,随着泡沫铜填充率从0.43%增至2.15%,复合相变材料融化时传热机制中导热占比从17.26%上升到86.01%,自然对流占比从82.74%下降到13.99%。 相似文献
9.
三维大地电磁正演需要求解两个极化源在不同频率下的电磁场分布,计算量巨大。基于块状有理Krylov方法,文中实现了大地电磁三维模型降阶快速正演计算。所用算法的创新点包括:①将大地电磁的源项显式表示为平面电流源,将随频率变化的电场响应表示为一个传递函数与电流源常矢量的乘积,从而可通过构建有理Krylov子空间实现所有频率电场响应的快速求解,避免多次求解不同频率的大型稀疏线性方程组;②采用块状Krylov技术,将TE和TM极化源表示为块状源矢量,将求解两个极化源的正演响应简化为构建一个块状有理Krylov子空间。引入渐近收敛公式得到了块状有理Krylov方法的最优化单个重复极点,结合直接求解器,将大地电磁三维正演的计算量降为一次系数矩阵分解和几十次矩阵回代。该算法在保证正演精度的同时,极大地提高了正演速度。半空间模型和三维DTM1模型的正演数值结果表明,相比常规的逐个频率的正演求解方法,块状有理Krylov方法可显著提高正演速度。 相似文献
10.
以不同工艺条件下的催化裂化待生、再生催化剂及催化剂再生烟气为研究对象,分析催化剂积炭的杂原子组成。依据密度泛函理论,利用Gaussian 09软件在B3LYP/def2-TZVP水平下对积炭中典型的含氮、含硫化合物进行几何优化,得到其最稳定构型;以Laplacian键级为判据,研究积炭中杂原子的转化机理。结果表明:催化剂积炭中的含氮化合物主要是吡啶类、吡咯类和季胺类化合物,含硫化合物主要是噻吩类化合物;催化剂再生初期,含氮化合物以:NH和.CN的形式逸出,主要转化成NH3和HCN;含硫化合物以.HS和:S等形式逸出,主要转化为H2S、COS;随着再生过程的进行,NH3、HCN和H2S、COS最终分别转化为NOx和SOx。模拟结果与不同再生工艺条件下再生烟气组成一致。 相似文献