Optimization of E. coli tip-sonication for high-yield cell-free extract using finite element modeling

Optimal tip sonication settings, namely tip position, input power, and pulse durations, are necessary for temperature sensitive procedures like preparation of viable cell extract. In this paper, the optimum tip immersion depth (20–30% height below the liquid surface) is estimated which ensures maximum mixing thereby enhancing thermal dissipation of local cavitation hotspots. A finite element (FE) heat transfer model is presented, validated experimentally with (R² > 97%) and used to observe the effect of temperature rise on cell extract performance of Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 star strain and estimate the temperature threshold. Relative yields in the top 10% are observed for solution temperatures maintained below 32°C; this reduces below 50% relative yield at temperatures above 47°C. A generalized workflow for direct simulation using the CONSOL code as well as master plots for estimation of sonication parameters (power input and pulse settings) is also presented.     

石油降解菌ZS1对典型抗生素毒害作用的应激响应机制

为了解抗生素对石油降解菌的生态效应及微生物对典型抗生素毒害作用的应激响应机制，通过开展不同浓度典型抗生素对高效石油降解菌铜绿假单胞菌（ZS1）的毒性试验，研究了菌体细胞在3种不同种类抗生素（土霉素、红霉素、磺胺嘧啶）作用下的生长及毒理指标。结果表明，3种抗生素对ZS1有不同的抑菌效果，其中土霉素对ZS1活性的抑制程度最强，抑制率随着土霉素浓度的增大而明显上升，有显著的浓度-效应关系。研究了ZS1抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶）对抗生素的响应机制，结果表明ZS1受到污染时会通过产生抗氧化酶抵抗外界污染并维持细胞功能。     

Systemic Inflammation and the Breakdown of Intestinal Homeostasis Are Key Events in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Our aim was to investigate the subset distribution and function of circulating monocytes, proinflammatory cytokine levels, gut barrier damage, and bacterial translocation in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Thus, 56 SCI patients and 28 healthy donors were studied. The levels of circulating CD14^+highCD16⁻, CD14^+highCD16⁺, and CD14^+lowCD16⁺ monocytes, membrane TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, phagocytic activity, ROS generation, and intracytoplasmic TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry. Serum TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured by Luminex and LPS-binding protein (LBP), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and zonulin by ELISA. SCI patients had normal monocyte counts and subset distribution. CD14^+highCD16⁻ and CD14^+highCD16⁺ monocytes exhibited decreased TLR4, normal TLR2 and increased TLR9 expression. CD14^+highCD16⁻ monocytes had increased LPS-induced TNF-α but normal IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 production. Monocytes exhibited defective phagocytosis but normal ROS production. Patients had enhanced serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, normal IL-1 and IL-10 levels, and increased circulating LBP, I-FABP, and zonulin levels. Chronic SCI patients displayed impaired circulating monocyte function. These patients exhibited a systemic proinflammatory state characterized by enhanced serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. These patients also had increased bacterial translocation and gut barrier damage.     

Nymphoides peltatum as a novel feedstock for biomethane production via anaerobic co-digestion with waste sludge

Nymphoides peltatum (NP) is exploited as a novel feedstock for biomethane production via anaerobic co-digestion with waste sludge (WS). Batch experiments are conducted under mesophilic condition at NP/WS of 1/3, 2/2, 3/1, 0/4 and 4/0 based on volatile solids (VS). Prior to anaerobic digestion (AD), NP undergoes only natural drying and grinding. The maximum net cumulative methane yield (265.16 mL CH₄·g VS_added^?1) and the highest gross VS removal rate (56.12%) are obtained at NP/WS of 1/3. The kinetic analysis by the modified Gompertz model fit hinted that 28 days is adequate for methane recovery and co-digestion significantly accelerates the digestion rate. Synergetic effect is corroborated to exist in co-digestion due to amiable conditions in term of total ammonia nitrogen, free ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids and total alkalinity. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing reveals that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta are conducive to AD of NP.     

基于动态距离的模糊社区识别算法

社区识别技术是公共安全领域潜在危害行为预警预测和已发生危害行为追踪溯源的基础，针对传统社区识别算法将社区视作单一集合而无法描述社区主次成员的问题，提出一种基于动态距离的模糊社区识别算法。该算法将传统的单一社区结构划分为核心区域和边际区域，以边际区域来描述社区的模糊区间。该算法首先将网络设想为动态演变模型，网络中的任意节点均会与其他节点产生互动，互动将改变各节点间距离，距离也反过来影响互动。在阈值的界定下，受到多个社区吸引的节点被划分到边际区域，最终距离分布趋于稳定，各个社区结构得以显现。通过对比实验验证了CDFDD算法在社区识别上的有效性。     

Developing social impact assessment guidelines in a pre-existing policy context

Few jurisdictions have translated internationally agreed social impact assessment (SIA) principles into statutory provisions. Governments and regulatory bodies tend to provide developers with high-level frameworks, or require that social impacts be ‘considered’, without specifying how this is to be done. In Australia, this lack of clarity leaves all parties uncertain about requirements for SIA. The New South Wales (NSW) Government’s 2017 release of the SIA guideline for State-significant mining, petroleum and extractive industry development represents an attempt to clarify requirements and provide guidance. In this paper, we describe the process of bringing this guideline to fruition from the perspective of being directly involved in its development, and highlight the challenges involved in integrating leading-practice principles into the state’s pre-existing policy framework. While the guideline represents a significant advance in policy-based SIA guidance, some aspects leave room for improvement. The real test of the guideline’s impact will lie in its influence on SIA practice in NSW, and ultimately in social outcomes for communities affected by resources projects.     

细菌纤维素的生物合成及在食品工业的应用

细菌纤维素是经微生物发酵形成的新型生物合成材料,具有机械强度高、吸水性能好、纯度高、结晶度高等优良特性,广泛应用于食品工业等领域。已报道的产细菌纤维素的细菌有醋酸菌属(Acetobacter)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobaeterium)、假单胞菌属(Preudomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、气杆菌属(Aerobacter)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)这9个属中的某些种,真正能够应用于工业化生产细菌纤维素的只有醋酸菌中的几个种,他们是木醋杆菌(Acetobacter xylinum)、醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacteraceti)、产醋醋杆菌(Acetobacteracotigenum)和巴氏醋杆菌(Acetobacter pastcurianum)。本文通过分析近期国内外与细菌纤维素相关文献,对其高产菌种选育、培养基优化和发酵模式等方面的研究进行综述,并展望其在食品工业中的应用前景,为进一步深入研究细菌纤维素提供理论基础和科学依据。     

黄酒微生物及其与风味形成关系的研究进展

黄酒是我国传统发酵食品,在其风味物质形成过程中,微生物起到了非常重要的作用。本研究综合分析了黄酒原料处理、麦曲、酒药以及酿造过程等方面对微生物群落结构,并探讨了微生物群落结构与黄酒风味形成的关系。其中,浸米过程中的微生物主要以乳酸菌为主,麦曲主要以霉菌为主,酒药主要以酵母菌为主。而在整个黄酒酿造过程中霉菌先减少后增多,并在后酵过程起到产酶糖化的作用;酵母先增加后减少,并在前主酵过程中起到产酒精增强黄酒风味的作用;细菌尤其是乳酸菌在浸米及酿造过程中起到降解大分子物质的作用从而促进黄酒呈香呈味,且对有机酸的产生即黄酒酸味起到积极作用,而其余各种细菌在黄酒不同的酿造阶段相互作用并对黄酒的风味起到积极作用。根据目前的研究现状,提出可利用多组学技术分析黄酒中主要产香微生物并通过后续的高通量筛选应用到黄酒发酵生产中,优化黄酒风味的形成过程。     

培养原料种类的减少对人工窖泥发酵剂菌群结构的影响

为实现人工窖泥发酵剂（APMSC）的品质控制，从前期开发的发酵剂配方中分别取出老熟窖泥、曲药、酒糟和黄水初步形成4个简化配方，采用扩增子测序和色谱技术比较了各配方发酵剂的微生物群落结构及香味物质含量差异。结果显示，各配方发酵剂样品中共检测到70个微生物操作分类单元（OTU），其中71.43%为各组样品共有，未检测到独有OTU。各配方样品的优势微生物均存在于其余分组中，仅物种相对丰度有所差异。根据酿酒有益微生物的丰度高低，选择了一种简化配方（无老熟窖泥作原料）发酵剂养护窖池，使酿造白酒的主体香味物质含量得到显著提高。结果表明，即使缺失了某一种培养原料，人工窖泥发酵剂的功能微生物物种也可能由其他原料补充，而原料种类的减少是实现发酵剂品质控制的主要途径。