光催化漂白硫酸盐蔗渣浆及漂后浆的红外光谱分析

对5种光敏剂用于硫酸盐蔗渣浆漂白进行研究,发现在同一条件下,曙红和玫瑰红光催化漂白硫酸盐蔗渣浆效果较好,在漂白过程中共轭羰基(-C=O)发生了较多断裂。EO进行光催化漂白较加AO、LF、RB和MB4种光敏剂有利于紫丁香基型木素的降解。并且在加各种光敏剂进行光催化漂白过程中,纤维素主链的特征吸收峰都发生了一定程度的下降,而加曙红、玫瑰红和亚甲蓝时吸收峰下降较大。     

过氧化物漂白对蔗渣木聚糖提取的影响

比较了直接浸提和预处理后再浸提对蔗渣木聚糖提取率和产物的影响。蔗渣经过碱性过氧化氢或过氧乙酸的漂白预处理,有利于促进木聚糖的溶出和提高提取率,尤其是碱性过氧化氢的促进作用更显著,可以使木聚糖提取率达到21.5%(对干料),精制后产物纯度和白度分别达到85%和83%,但对于木聚糖纯度的提高并不是很显著。不同提取方式所得到的木聚糖在糖基组成和红外光谱图均有很高的相似度。     

甘蔗渣在烤烟漂浮育苗中的应用研究

以新鲜甘蔗渣为主要材料,研究了烤烟漂浮育苗基质配制技术。结果表明,添加复合肥和钙镁磷肥堆沤甘蔗渣腐熟速度较快,沤制7个月C/N值由182.35降至26.58。采用堆沤65%腐熟甘蔗渣 25%膨化珍珠岩 10%煤渣(磨成粉过3mm孔径筛)配制烤烟漂浮育苗基质,能使烤烟较好地出苗、生长和成苗,大田生长发育也优于其他方式育出的烟苗。     

甘蔗渣综合利用分析

本文综述了广西甘蔗渣的利用现状，在此基础上做出了相应的效益分析，同时展望了广西甘蔗渣综合利用的前景。     

蔗渣浆成纸印刷适性的初步研究

本研究通过模拟胶版印刷，对不同蔗渣浆（化学浆、ＡＰＭＰ、ＣＭＰ）配抄的新闻印刷纸的印刷适性进行了初步的探讨，为开发蔗渣浆新闻纸提供一定的理论依据和可靠数据。     

由甘蔗渣制备用于聚氨酯生产的多元醇的研究

在硫酸的催化作用下,甘蔗渣在聚乙二醇和甘油的混合溶剂中能被液化成生物质多元醇。向液化试剂中加入表面活性剂,利用表面活性剂提高液化试剂对甘蔗渣的渗透能力,改善甘蔗渣的液化效果。主要研究了表面活性剂种类和浓度、液化时间、液固比,液化试剂组成、催化剂浓度等对液化效果的影响。结果表明,吐温-80对甘蔗渣液化的效果最明显,并且在用量为0．25％时,液化效果最好,转化率达99％以上。液化得到的生物质多元醇的羟值为500—700mgKOH／g。红外光谱分析表明,液化产物中含有大量的可反应羟基,可以作为制备聚氨酯硬泡的多元醇组分。     

蔗渣的热水抽提和碱法制浆

蔗渣在160℃下保温30 min进行热水抽提或预水解处理,可以溶解15%左右的物质.经热水抽提后的蔗渣在降低用碱量约15%(从18.9%降到16.0%)的情况下进行碱法蒸煮,可降低蒸煮后浆料的卡伯值约16%(卡伯值从13.1降到11.0),而且浆料黏度提高.在相同的卡伯因子情况下进行ECF漂白,生产漂白浆可以节省二氧化氯约20%,而且纸浆的白度明显提高(从77.6%提高到83.7%),从而达到减少排放和降低化学药品消耗的日的.     

Production of active lipase by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse: solid state fermentation in a tray bioreactor

This study deals with production of lipase in solid state fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse. A tray bioreactor was designed for the extracellular enzyme production. Daily, lipase production was evaluated at several incubation temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and humidity of the cabinet, depth of solid bed, particle size, initial moisture content and supplementary substrate (olive oil) as carbon source was investigated. The obtained results showed that bioreactor temperature of 45 °C, humidity of 80%, solid bed depth of 0.5 cm, particle size in the range of 0.335–1 mm, substrate initial moisture content of 80% for the top tray and 70% for the middle tray and supplementary substrate of 8% (v/w) olive oil led to maximum lipase production. Under optimum fermentation conditions after 72‐h incubation, maximum lipase activities for the top, middle and bottom trays were 215.16, 199.36 and 52.64 U gds^?1, respectively.     

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Lignocellulosic Fibers

Abstract

Spruce, coconut coir, sugarcane bagasse, kenaf bast, kenaf core, and cotton were tested for their ability to remove copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solutions as a function of their lignin content. The fibers were analyzed for sugar and lignin content and extracted with di-ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, hot water, or 1% sodium hydroxide.

The order of lignin content in un-extracted fibers is coconut coir > spruce > kenaf core > bagasse > kenaf bast > cotton. The fiber with the highest level of heavy metal removal was kenaf bast that had a very low level of lignin, showing that removal of heavy metals does not correlate with lignin content. Cotton, with about 1% lignin, was very low in metal ion sorption while all of the fibers containing lignin did remove heavy metal ions showing that lignin does play a role in metal ion sorption. Extraction with the various solvents removed different cell wall components and did change heavy metal sorption that indicates that cell wall chemistry and architecture may also be important factors in the sorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using lignocellulosic fibers.     

蔗渣热风干燥和微波干燥特性比较及评价

为了探讨蔗渣干燥特性,利用功率分别为中火档、中高火档的微波对蔗渣进行微波干燥,同时分别在90℃、100℃的条件下进行热风干燥实验对比,研究了不同干燥方法蔗渣的干燥特性,计算了不同实验条件下的有效水分扩散系数。结果表明：整个干燥过程,微波干燥相对于热风干燥时间缩短了80％以上;热风干燥、微波干燥蔗渣的平均绝干含水量分剐为7．56％、0．98％;在实验条件范围内,微波干燥过程内部水分扩散速度较热风干燥速度要大。