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硫酸盐法制浆企业的碳排放及碳捕获与利用技术   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
本文首先介绍了硫酸盐浆厂生产纸浆过程中CO2的排放来源,进一步分析了“林浆一体化”企业的整体碳足迹,然后综述了温室气体排放核算方法,并介绍了硫酸盐浆厂的CO2捕获及利用技术研究进展,包括黑液中酸析木质素的生产、沉淀碳酸钙的生产、塔罗油的提取、木质素纳米颗粒的生产等。最后探讨了将硫酸盐浆厂与生物质精炼厂相结合以进一步降低碳排放的可能性。  相似文献   
2.
生物基(正)丁醇是一种重要的化学品和替代燃料,其主要制备途径为糖质底物的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵。受制于发酵副产物多、溶剂浓度低、产物共沸等因素,传统的生物丁醇分离过程存在分离能耗大、成本高等问题,制约其产业化制备。为解决生物丁醇分离的技术瓶颈,近年来,应用新型分离技术实现与ABE发酵过程的耦合成为研究的热点。本文综述了生物丁醇分离技术的最新研究进展,讨论了基于汽液平衡、相转移、膜分离技术等新型分离方式的技术特点;并针对多级分离级联系统开发、面向终产物的精馏技术的新趋势、新特点进行剖析和讨论。随着分离技术的发展和进步、生物炼制工艺开发和集成,生物丁醇的制备成本可望进一步降低,提升市场竞争力。  相似文献   
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利用高温高压条件模拟石油生成的生物质水热液化技术可用于制备生物原油,以替代日益枯竭的石油资源,然而副产物处置问题制约了其可持续发展。解决该问题的方法首先是通过水热定向催化调控减少副产物,然后集成各种技术将副产物尽可能原位资源化。基于此并依据生物炼制的思想,本文对一种集成几种水热技术炼制生物原油的模式进行了讨论。依据生物质水热液化副产物的特性,通过对固体产物水热合成制备催化剂、水相产物回用产生有机酸、气体产物分离或彻底氧化后水热还原生产有机酸等,可实现副产物内循环并强化自催化生成生物原油。指出该模式符合绿色化工的理念,对于加快规模化生产可替代石油的生物原油、缓解能源危机具有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   
4.
膜分离技术是一种高效、环保、易放大的新技术,在水处理工业中占有重要地位。近十年来膜技术也开始被应用到木质纤维原料生物炼制领域,受到越来越多的关注。该综述简要介绍了超滤、纳滤、反渗透、膜蒸馏、渗透气化、电渗析和电超滤等分离技术的基本原理及特点,重点介绍了超滤、纳滤和反渗透在木质纤维原料生物炼制(预处理水解液、酶解液和发酵液)中的应用研究,主要是抑制剂的分离和高附加值成分的浓缩等,并提出了今后膜分离技术的研究方向。  相似文献   
5.
Biomass is a sustainable source of energy which can be utilised to produce value-added products such as biochemical products and biomaterials. In order to produce a sustainable supply of such value-added products, an integrated biorefinery is required. An integrated biorefinery is a processing facility that integrates multiple biomass conversion pathways to produce value-added products. To date, various biomass conversion pathways are available to convert biomass into a wide range of products. Due to the large number of available pathways, various systematic screening tools have been developed to address the process design aspect of an integrated biorefinery. Process design however, is often inter-linked with product design as it is important to identify the optimal molecule (based on desired product properties) prior to designing its optimal production routes. In cases where the desired product properties cannot be met by a single component chemical product, a mixture of chemicals would be required. In this respect, product and process design decisions would be a challenging task for an integrated biorefinery. In this work, a novel two-stage optimisation approach is developed to identify the optimal conversion pathways in an integrated biorefinery to convert biomass into the optimal mixtures in terms of target product properties. In the first stage, the optimal mixture is designed via computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) technique. CAMD technique is a reverse engineering approach which predicts the molecules with optimal properties using property prediction models. Different classes of property models such as group contribution (GC) models and quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) are adapted in this work. The main component of the mixture is first determined from the target product properties. This is followed by the identifying of additive components to form an optimal mixture with the main component based on the desired product properties. Once the optimal mixture is determined, the second stage identifies the optimal conversion pathways via superstructural mathematical optimisation approach. With such approach, the optimal conversion pathways can be determined based on different optimisation objectives (e.g. highest product yield, lowest environmental impact etc.). To illustrate the proposed methodology, a case study on the design of fuel additives as a mixture of different molecules from palm-based biomass is presented. With the developed methodology, optimal fuel additives are designed based on optimal target properties. Once the optimal fuel additives are designed, the optimal conversion pathways in terms of highest product yield and economic performance that convert biomass into the optimal fuel additives are identified.  相似文献   
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The biorefinery has been recognized as a new industry to produce both energy and chemical materials such as olefins and BTX from renewable resources. In this context the conversion of butyric acid over zeolites was investigated for establishing a new production route of propylene. Propylene was mainly generated by decarbonylation and dehydration of butyric acid. Our study proved that H-ZSM-5 (750) and silicalite were the best industrial catalyst among the tested ones. For H-ZSM-5 (750), the selectivity of propylene reached 64.2 C% and the ratio of the yield for propylene to theoretical yield (75 C%) became 85.6%.  相似文献   
8.
Recent technological advances in the development of alternative energy sources, including biofuels, for transportation and energy requirements have demonstrated the need for highly skilled engineers and operators in the biotechnological industries. Although operator training simulators (OTS) used in the traditional chemical process industries may be used to train biorefinery operators and engineers, several distinct aspects of bioprocess operations make their direct application limited. The development and deployment of OTSs for use in biotechnological processes is therefore beginning to gain increasing attention. This review paper examines the present status of OTS development and use in biorefineries, including future considerations on how an OTS may be used to improve operator competence, maximise biorefinery operational efficiencies and protect people and the environment. The general premise of an OTS is that model‐based operator training simulators can be used to verifiably enhance the training of industrial operators to run complex biorefineries. Only a few examples of the design and application of OTSs in large‐scale biorefineries have so far been reported. A discussion of the mathematical models used for OTS development is briefly presented, as well as available OTS design frameworks and vendors, including their benefits and drawbacks. The review concludes by looking at possible future directions of OTS development and use in biorefineries and their contribution in facilitating the transition to a bio‐based economy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
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10.
Dark fermentation of sugarcane vinasse can be used as a “cleaning” step to remove sulfate prior to methanogenesis because sulfidogenic conditions can be successfully established in parallel with biohydrogen production. Using a 22 central composite rotational design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this study assessed the impacts of bicarbonate and sulfate availability on the establishment of sulfidogenesis in the thermophilic (55 °C) fermentation of vinasse in batch reactors, equally assessing the impacts on biohydrogen evolution. CCRD-RSM results indicated the favoring of biohydrogen production at the lowest sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations, whilst the opposite was observed for sulfidogenesis. Glycerol, lactate, and hydrogen were the preferential electron donors utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), whilst ethanol was markedly consumed only at high sulfate concentrations. SRB were inhibited by sodium when dosing excess NaHCO3 and Na2SO4. Complementary tests revealed maximum biohydrogen production (2.40 mmol) out of the CCRD, at pH exceeding 7.5 with no interference of sulfidogenesis. Non-efficient biohydrogen production was observed at low pH (<5.0; ~1.90 mmol) because the uptake of lactate was inhibited. Meanwhile, homoacetogenesis was established under intermediate pH range (5.5–6.5), as revealed by the accumulation of acetate (up to 2.5 g L?1). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing further revealed the genera Thermoanaerobacterium/Pseudoclostridium, Desulfotomaculum/Desulfohalotomaculum and Sporomusaceae/Moorella as the main biohydrogen-producing, sulfate-removing and biohydrogen-consuming (homoacetogens) microbial groups, respectively. Hence, using a single inoculum source, vinasse may provide a butyrate-rich (along with biohydrogen-rich biogas) or a sulfate-free and acetate-rich fermented effluent, depending mainly on proper pH control.  相似文献   
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