Efficient sunlight and UV photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange,Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B,using Citrus×paradisi synthesized SnO2 semiconductor nanoparticles

In this work, tin dioxide (SnO2) Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through green synthesis, using Citrus × paradisi extract as a stabilizing (capping). The extract concentrations used were 1, 2 and 4% in relation to the aqueous solution. The resulting SnO2 NPs were used for the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO), Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB), under both solar and UV radiation. The NPs were characterized via Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM-SAED), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, Ultraviolet to Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL); while the photocatalytic degradation was evaluated using UV-VIS. The results showed that the Citrus × paradisi extract is a good medium for the formation of SnO2 NPs. These NPs presented quasi-spherical morphology, particle sizes of 4–8 nm, with a rutile phase crystalline structure, and with banned gap of 2.69 at 3.28 eV. The NPs had excellent photocatalytic properties under solar radiation, degrading 100% of the OM in 180 min. Furthermore, under UV radiation, 100% degradation of the three dyes was achieved in a short time; 20 min for MO, and 60 min for MB and RhB. Therefore, green synthesis is a feasible medium for the formation of SnO2 NPs with good photocatalytic properties.     

Adsorption of anionic dye on eco-friendly synthesised reduced graphene oxide anchored with lanthanum aluminate: Isotherms,kinetics and statistical error analysis

In the present study we made an effort to deploy eco-friendly synthesized reduced graphene oxide/Lanthanum Alluminate nanocomposites (RGO-LaAlO₃) and Lanthanum Alluminate (LaAlO₃) as adsorbents to remove dye from the synthetic media. XRD, SEM, BET surface area and EDX have been used to characterize the above-mentioned adsorbents. The impacts of different factors like adsorbent dosage, the concentration of adsorbate and PH on adsorption were studied. The best fit linear and nonlinear equations for the adsorption isotherms and kinetic models had been examined. The sum of the normalized errors and the coefficient of determination were used to determine the best fit model. The experimental data were more aptly fitted for nonlinear forms of isotherms and kinetic equations. Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm model fits the equilibrium data satisfactorily. Methyl orange (MO) has been used as model dye pollutant and maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 469.7 and 702.2 mg g^?1 for LaAlO₃ and RGO-LaAlO₃, respectively.     

干酪乳杆菌/乳糖醇双层合生元微胶囊制备及其在橙汁中的应用

目的:利用酶促法制备干酪乳杆菌/乳糖醇合生元微胶囊,研究乳糖醇浓度对微胶囊特性的影响,并对制备的微胶囊开展应用研究。方法:以黏玉米来源谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TGZ)为催化剂,以酪蛋白和海藻酸钠为壁材,通过内源乳化法对合生元进行双层包埋。利用粒径和干酪乳杆菌在模拟胃肠液中的存活率为指标,确定乳糖醇的添加量,并对其进行形态学观察。最后将制备的微胶囊添加到橙汁饮料中,评价干酪乳杆菌在低温贮藏时的存活情况。结果:TGZ可以交联酪蛋白对干酪乳杆菌/乳糖醇合生元进行包埋。当乳糖醇添加量为1.0 g/100 mL时,双层包埋的微胶囊粒径最小,包埋率最大为61.73%。在模拟胃肠液实验中,添加1.0 g/100 mL的乳糖醇可以提高干酪乳杆菌的存活率。扫描电镜结果表明,干酪乳杆菌完全包裹在壁材中,表明微胶囊的抗穿透物理屏障对益生菌的保护作用。贮存试验发现,添加乳糖醇后橙汁中的活菌数比未添加乳糖醇的高0.56个对数值。结论:双层微胶囊对乳酸菌的存活有很好的保护作用,且乳糖醇的存在也可以提高益生菌的存活率,因此益生菌/乳糖醇合生元微胶囊在食品,尤其是功能性食品方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于可见/近红外光谱和变量选择的脐橙可溶性固形物含量在线检测

为联合可见/近红外光谱技术和变量选择方法在线检测脐橙主要内部品质指标可溶性固形物(SSC),分别选定脐橙校正集和预测集样本141个和47个,脐橙运输速度为0.3m/s,利用USB4000微型光谱仪在线采集脐橙样本的可见/近红外光谱,先分别采用无信息变量消除(UVE)和遗传算法(GA)对650~950nm波段范围的波长变量进行预筛选,再分别利用竞争自适应重加权采样(CARS)及连续投影算法(SPA)对波长变量进一步筛选,并应用偏最小二乘(PLS)方法分别建立脐橙SSC的在线预测模型,并与原始光谱等建立的预测模型进行比较。结果表明,对于脐橙SSC,预筛选方法GA优于UVE方法,变量选择方法CARS优于SPA方法;GA-CARS及GA-SPA联合变量选择方法优于对应的单一变量选择方法CARS及SPA。在上述变量选择方法中,GA-CARS方法获得的结果最优,其所建立的脐橙SSC的PLS模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.933和0.824,校正集和预测集均方根误差分别为0.429%和0.670%,性能优于原始光谱建立的PLS模型,且建模波长变量数由1 385个下降为78个,仅占原波长变量数的5.63%。由此表明,GA-CARS联合变量选择方法可以有效筛选脐橙SSC的波长变量,提高预测模型的稳定性和预测精度。     

赣南脐橙代谢组学研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定赣南和其它地区的脐橙挥发性物质,对不同产地脐橙进行代谢组学研究,为赣南脐橙品质保障提供科学依据。通过GC-MS分析脐橙的挥发性成分,经数据库匹配结合相关文献鉴定物质,采用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)的s-plot图并结合对各组分的贡献率(VIP>1,P<0.05)筛选潜在生物标志物。结果表明,从赣南脐橙中共鉴定出66种挥发性成分,分别为萜烯类、醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类等,其中含量最高的为D-柠檬烯。根据OPLS-DA分析筛选出5个潜在生物标志物,即(1S)-(+)-3-蒈烯、4-蒈烯、壬醛、(Z)-石竹烯、桉烷-3,7(11)-二烯,其可以作为区分赣南脐橙和其它地区脐橙的潜在生物标志物。     

A comparative study of photocatalytically active nanocrystalline tetragonal zyrcon-type and monoclinic scheelite-type bismuth vanadate

Monoclinic scheelite-type BiVO₄ is currently considered as one of the most promising non-titania photocatalysts, wheras tetragonal zircon-type BiVO₄ is still poorly understood. Herein, a new and simple synthetic approach was applied and nanostructured single-phase zircon-type BiVO₄ was successfully prepared by a controllable ethylene-glycol colloidal route. In addition, nanostructured monoclinic scheelite-type BiVO₄ powders were also fabricated through annealing of the as-prepared samples. A comparative study of the two BiVO₄ polymorphs was conducted and it turned out that the novel synthetic approach had a significant impact on porosity and photocatalytic performance of zircon-structured BiVO₄. All the prepared materials, as-prepared and annealed, were mesoporous, while measured values of specific surface area of some zircon-structured samples (～34?m²/g) were ～7 times higher than those reported thus far for this phase. Interestingly, for the first time, zircon-type BiVO₄, previously considered to be a poor photocatalyst, exhibited a better overall performance in degradation of methyl orange compared to monoclinic scheelite-type BiVO₄. Hence, it could be expected that the here-presented synthesis and observations will both arouse interest in scarcely studied tetragonal zircon-type BiVO₄ and facilitate as well as speed up further research of its properties.     

Influence of doped platinum nanoparticles on photocatalytic performance of CuO–SiO2 for degradation of Acridine orange dye

Preparation of cupric oxide-silicon dioxide nanoparticles was carried out using a sol-gel method. Cupric oxide-silicon dioxide nanoparticles were decorated by different weight percent of platinum (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt %) using method of photoassisted deposition. XRD remarks revealed that XRD patterns for all samples are composed of cupric oxide. Therefore, silicon dioxide is amorphous and decoration of cupric oxide-silicon dioxide nanoparticles by platinum has no effect on the formed phase. Also, due to low percent of platinum there are no peaks for platinum oxide or platinum. Cupric oxide has bandgap energy absorb in visible region but has high e-h recombination rate. Decoration of cupric oxide-silicon dioxide nanoparticles by platinum was decreased bandgap energy from 2.38 to 1.91 eV and also decrease rate of e-h recombination rate. The photocatalytic activity of platinum decorated cupric oxide-silicon dioxide nanoparticles was measured under visible light for Acridine orange dye degradation. 100% of Acridine orange dye can be degraded using 3.0 wt % of platinum decorated cupric oxide-silicon dioxide photocatalyst, 1.2 g/L dose of platinum decorated cupric oxide-silicon dioxide photocatalyst and 30 min reaction time. 3.0 wt % of platinum decorated cupric oxide-silicon dioxide photocatalyst has photocatalytic stability for five times.     

Fabrication of magnetic β-CD/chitosan nanocomposite as an efficient and recyclable dye adsorbent

ABSTRACT

In this work, novel magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents were prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto chitosan backbones by using epichlorohydrin as a crosslinker and in the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The composition of β-CD-chitosan nanocomposites was characterized via FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and VSM. Then, the as-prepared nanocomposites were treated for elimination of methyl orange (MO). The results indicated that the adsorption of MO exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 314 mg g^?1 at 25°C. Moreover, the rates and isotherm data of adsorption matched excellent at different MO concentrations (10, 60, and 120 mg/L) using second-order and Langmuir models with the regression coefficient (R²) of 0.9993 and 9990, respectively. Besides, the thermodynamic data confirmed MO adsorption as an endothermic process. The adsorbent was also confirmed as good materials for re-use and maintained 88% of its initial adsorption capacity for MO after the fifth regeneration cycles. In conclusion, the synthesized magnetic nanocomposites can be applied as cost-effective dye adsorbents with high regeneration efficiency.     

Cu7.2S4 nanosheets decorated on the {3 3 2} high index facets of Cu2O with controllable oxygen defects and enhanced photocatalytic activity

The heterostructure of Cu_7.2S₄ nanosheets/trisoctahedron Cu₂O were successfully constructed on the {3 3 2} high-index facets of Cu₂O. The results show that oxygen defects amount of the Cu_7.2S₄/Cu₂O samples are closely related to the thickness of Cu_7.2S₄ nanosheets. Compared with the unmodified cuprous oxide and the Cu_7.2S₄/Cu₂O modified with thick Cu_7.2S₄ nanosheets, the Cu_7.2S₄/Cu₂O grafted with 10 nm thickness of Cu_7.2S₄ show higher oxygen defects content and photocatalytic performance for MO decoloration. UV–VIS DRS and PL detection show that the Cu_7.2S₄ nanosheets grafting on Cu₂O with high-index facets accelerates the charge carrier separation, which results in an elevated degradation properties for MO.     

Amino-functionalized magnetic bacterial cellulose/activated carbon composite for Pb2+ and methyl orange sorption from aqueous solution

A new nanostructured amino-functionalized magnetic bacterial cellulose/activated carbon(BC/AC)composite bioadsorbent(AMBCAC)was prepared for removal of Pb~(2+)and methyl orange(MO)from aqueous solution.The results demonstrated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity(q_e)for Pb~(2+)obviously increases by 2.14 times after introduction of amino groups,the optimum p H for Pb~(2+)and MO adsorption was 5.0 and 3.0,respectively,and the q_eof AMBCAC was 161.78 mg g~(-1)for Pb~(2+)and 83.26 mg g~(-1)for MO under the optimal conditions in this investigation.The kinetics and adsorption isotherm data of the sorption process were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm respectively.The thermodynamic results(the Gibbs free energy change G0,the enthalpy change H0,the entropy change S0)implied that the adsorption process of Pb~(2+)and MO was feasible,endothermic and spontaneous in nature.These results support that the AMBCAC composite developed in this work can provide a cheap and efficient way for easy removal of both Pb~(2+)and MO as a promising adsorbent candidate for wastewater treatment.