Casein Hydrolysate Fractions Act as Emulsifiers in Process Cheese

ABSTRACT: Degrees of hydrolysis and emulsifying activity of casein hydrolysates were the highest at 4 h hydrolysis. The oil-off values of the mixture of hydrolysate (H) or supernatant (S) and traditional emulsifier (T) were not significantly different from the control made with traditional emulsifier, except for S + T = 3:1. Two other samples made with hydrolysate or supernatant only (H or S) showed higher oil-off value than the others (p < 0.05). In flavor property, no difference was found between samples made with traditional emulsifier and those made with the mixture of hydrolysate or supernatant at the ratio of 3 to 1. Therefore, these results indicated that a mixture of the hydrolysate or supernatant and traditional emulsifier might replace a traditional emulsifier in process cheese manufacturing.     

萃取法制备干酪素

干酪素是一种用途极为广泛的精细化工产品，用萃取法生产工业干酪素，其产品质量优于机械分离法，对生产特级品工业干酪素有一定推动作用。     

干酪素型啤酒标签胶的研究进展

从制备原理及分散体系、交联剂、改性助剂等方面综述了干酪素型啤酒标签胶的研究进展,并对该领域研究进行了展望。     

卵黄高磷蛋白及其磷酸肽稳定性和抗氧化性

对卵黄高磷蛋白(PV)及其磷酸肽(PPPs)的热稳定性、乳化活性和乳化稳定性以及高压脉冲电场对卵黄高磷蛋白二级结构的影响进行了实验考察,并研究了PV和PPPs的抗氧化活性,分别测定了PV和PPPs清除DPPH自由基的能力、还原力及与金属铁离子的螯合能力。结果表明,PV和PPPs具有较好的热稳定性、乳化性及稳定性,且PV要优于PPPs;经高压脉冲电场处理后的PV样品,其二级结构变化不大,说明高压脉冲电场不会改变PV的二级结构;此外,PV和PPPs具有较好的清除DPPH自由基、还原能力以及金属离子螯合的能力,说明PV和PPPs具有抗氧化能力,且PPPs要优于PV。     

碱性蛋白酶对酪蛋白水解的最适宜条件

蛋白质酶解是改善蛋白质特性，便于人体吸收的有效途径。我们对富含于乳制品中的酪蛋白，采用碱性蛋白酶进行水解实验。通过对主要影响因素的分析及回归方法，确定碱性蛋白酶对酪蛋白水解的最佳工艺条件：温度55℃，酶—底物比为7％，底物质量分数为6％，pH值为8。     

维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维的漂白与染色研究

探讨双氧水对牛奶纤维针织物的漂白工艺,以织物白度、织物顶破强力为评价指标,优化了双氧水和还原剂漂白的工艺。在此基础上,进一步优化维纶基牛奶纤维双漂工艺,发现双氧水→二氧化硫脲漂白法效果最佳。通过分析活性染料、酸性染料、毛用活性染料、阳离子染料、分散染料等染料对维纶基牛奶纤维的染色,并与羊毛、丝绸和大豆纤维的染色性能作比较,初步探讨其染色性能。     

大孔吸附树脂对酪蛋白非磷肽吸附性的研究

从12种大孔吸附树脂中筛选出一种对酪蛋白非磷肽（NPP）吸附性能强的树脂DA201-C,利用这种树脂研究了从缓冲液中纯化酪蛋白非磷肽。研究结果表明,NPP溶液的pH、NPP溶液流过吸附柱的速度、洗脱剂乙醇的浓度等因素都对NPP的回收率有影响。采用DA201-C大孔吸附树脂纯化NPP,回收率可达95.51%。      

聚氨酯硬段含量变化对酪素/聚氨酯乳液及胶膜性能的影响

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG1000)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)等为主要原料,固定酪素与聚氨酯的比例,通过改变聚氨酯硬段含量,制备出系列酪素/聚氨酯乳液(CWPU)。讨论了聚氨酯硬段含量的变化对CWPU状态、胶膜力学性能和热机械性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚氨酯硬段含量增加,聚氨酯分子之间、聚氨酯与酪素分子之间的氢键作用力增大,CWPU的粒径增大,分布变宽,乳液的粒径主要分布在100 nm左右;拉伸性能先增大后减小,硬段含量为64.61%时的拉伸强度达到41.75 MPa,断裂伸长率为344.75%。     

Effect of Oral and Parenteral N Nutrition vs N-Free Nutrition on the Endogenous Amino Acid Flow at the Ileum of the Pig*

Two methods were tested for suppressing the depressive effect of N-free diets on the digestive secretions in pigs: the blood perfusion of amino acids (AA) or the peptide alimentation method. In the latter, enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC), composed of oligopeptides and free AA, was used as the source of nitrogen. The unabsorbed dietary N molecules were discarded from the ileal digesta by ultrafiltration or gel filtration, assuming that the endogenous fraction did not contain significant amounts of small molecules. The AA supply by blood perfusion had no effect on the ileal endogenous AA losses (8·0 g AA kg⁻¹ DM intake) in growing pigs (±50 kg), compared with the N-free diet alone (8·3 g), whereas the EHC supplementation significantly increased them (18·0 g). The increase was due to both endogenous and dietary N. The presence of unabsorbed dietary AA in the ileal digesta was confirmed by the AA profile of the soluble molecules with a very low molecular mass (<3 kDa), which was close to that of EHC. Both ultrafiltration (cut-offs of 3 or 10 kDa) and gel filtration methods, utilised to discard the remaining dietary molecules, also eliminated a significant proportion of endogenous AA.     

Bioaccessible Iron and Zinc in Native and Fortified Enzyme Hydrolyzed Casein and Soya Protein Matrices

Casein and soybean are superior quality proteins; however, these are known to inhibit mineral absorption. These investigations were aimed at enzymatic modification of these proteins and to study their effect on mineral bioaccessibility. Casein and soybean proteins were hydrolyzed with alcalase and trypsin individually under optimum conditions. The protein hydrolysates, prepared with different degrees of hydrolysis, were freeze dried, fortified with either iron or zinc and analyzed for bioaccessible minerals in vitro. Proteolytic hydrolysis enhanced the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in proportion to the degree of hydrolysis. Tryptic hydrolysis enhanced the bioaccessible iron from 1–4% in casein and from 1.3–3.3% in soybean. Alcalase hydrolysis showed a comparatively higher enhancement with both the proteins. Tryptic hydrolysis enhanced zinc bioaccessibity by 3-fold in casein and alcalase hydrolysis enhanced by 2- to 2.5-fold. In soybean, dephytinization showed a synergistic effect. In conclusion, enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins looks promising for enhancing bioaccessibility of minerals in protein matrices.