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1.
通过对压力水作用下纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)的渗透试验和扫描电镜(SEM)试验,探究不同水灰比、纤维单丝含量对TRC试件抗渗性能及内部细观结构的影响。研究表明,自由水在压力作用下沿着混凝土基体与纵向纤维束的界面进行定向迁移,TRC的抗渗性能随水灰比及纤维单丝含量增大而减弱。此外,SEM试验表明,混凝土基体与纤维束的界面存在环形裂隙,裂隙宽度随水灰比及纤维单丝含量增大而增大。基于同心环形缝隙流理论,建立压力水作用下TRC试件渗透率的计算公式,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。 相似文献
2.
Clive Bell 《Papers in Regional Science》2022,101(2):373-397
The effects of a rural roads programme depend on labour mobility, how the programme is financed, and agglomeration economies. If financed by a rural poll tax and cross-price effects and agglomeration economies are sufficiently small, the wage will rise, with some return migration. Taxes on trade act as countervailing distortions, yielding urban households some relief. Rural-urban commuting promotes the exploitation of agglomeration economies; taxes on international trade are then inferior to a poll tax. The change in the value, at producer prices, of the rural sector's net supply vector can be a poor measure of the programme's social profitability. 相似文献
3.
空气源热泵结霜过程会恶化机组的实际运行性能,重霜工况下尤为严重,发展抑霜型空气源热泵是保障其高效适用和良性发展的关键。本文依托四川省康定市的某住宅示范工程,开展抑霜型空气源热泵和常规型空气源热泵的现场实测研究,研究抑霜型空气源热泵实际应用中的抑霜、制热性能表现,并进行技术经济性分析。结果表明:抑霜型空气源热泵抑霜效果显著,制热性能得到显著改善,能效提升达到21%~37.3%,费用年值比常规空气源热泵降低了13%,1年左右即可回收追加的投资,具有更好的技术经济性,有助于空气源热泵技术在严重结霜气候区域的高效应用。 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(70):30027-30049
This study was conducted to estimate the potential for green H2 in Paraguay. A total production potential of 22.5 × 106 tons/year was obtained with a main contribution (93.34%) from solar photovoltaic. The greatest potential for producing H2 from solar and wind resources is in the Western region, and from hydro resources is in the Eastern region of the country. Two end-uses of green H2 were assessed: (1) automotive transportation, replacing gasoline and diesel; and (2) residential energy, replacing firewood and LPG for cooking in households across the country. In 16 of the 17 departments, green H2 is able to replace the overall consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as firewood and LPG. Finally, energy service cost (mobility), environmental aspects and CO2 emissions were considered for three urban mobility technologies for the Metropolitan Area of Asunción. Results show that the mobility cost of fuel cell hybrid electric buses is still very high in comparison to diesel buses and battery electric buses. However, when a longer driving range is required, fuel cell hybrid electric buses could become a viable alternative in the long term. From an environmental point of view, green H2 used in fuel cell hybrid electric buses has the potential to save about 96% of CO2 emissions in comparison to diesel buses. It is concluded that the estimated green H2 production potential favors the incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay. 相似文献
5.
对一台增压中冷柴油机进行改装,使其采用柴油-甲醇组合燃烧(Diesel-Methanol Compound Combustion,DMCC)方式运行。发动机台架以及装机运行试验的结果表明:发动机的双燃料模式平稳、可靠,动力性与原纯柴油相同,调速特性满足机组使用要求;与纯柴油相比,双燃料模式的燃料经济性在中高负荷时显著提升,在低负荷时较低;双燃料模式下的碳排放比在纯柴油工况下的碳排放降低约11.4%,PM和NOx排放明显低于纯柴油模式,NOx排放需要进一步优化;全工况下CO和HC排放量均大幅增加,所以为满足法规需要加装后处理系统;按照机组视在功率为300 kW运行时,双燃料模式的燃料经济性改善14.5%,大幅度降低发电成本。 相似文献
6.
周边环境复杂且需超深止水的深基坑围护结构大多采用地下连续墙围护体系,但由于其需重型机械设备施工且周期较长,对于施工现场场地条件局促、工期紧的工程项目,则无法适用。TRD-排桩工法围护体系可弥补地下连续墙围护体系局限性。本文依托工程实例对TRD-排桩工法围护体系的施工技术、变形控制效果和技术经济性进行研究。 相似文献
7.
本实验运用超高压高效液相色谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和抗氧化活性评价等方法,研究矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷在不同细胞培养条件下的稳定性,同时探究细胞培养中胎牛血清对矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷稳定性影响机制和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:胎牛血清能与矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷非共价结合,从而提高矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的稳定性;在细胞培养条件下,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷会降解为原儿茶酸和间苯三酚醛,且其动力学模型符合零级动力学;矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷会使胎牛血清的内源荧光猝灭,且为静态猝灭,疏水作用力是其主要的相互作用力;其对胎牛血清中色氨酸和酪氨酸的微环境影响不大,但会使其α-螺旋相对含量降低,蛋白质二级结构松散;此外,胎牛血清对矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力和铁原子还原能力没有明显影响,但会显著降低其2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力(P<0.05)。因此,胎牛血清与矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的非共价结合可提高矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷的稳定性并影响其抗氧化活性,且该非共价结合也会影响胎牛血清的构象。 相似文献
8.
基于热风再循环回收烟气余热的机炉耦合发电(HAR)系统具有高效节能、受热面投资少、运行安全性高等优点。为解决其在全负荷范围安全又高效运行的问题,本文以某600MW烟煤机组为例,利用Ebsilon软件对HAR系统进行变负荷仿真研究。结果表明:烟气余热回收系统的排烟温度随负荷减小而降低,使锅炉空气预热器在低负荷下面临严重低温腐蚀风险;在低负荷下,现有的HAR系统难以通过调节高压、低压省煤器吸热量控制空气预热器冷端金属温度从而控制低温腐蚀;为在全负荷范围保证HAR系统内受热面安全可靠运行,提出了在余热回收系统中增设热量旁通管的HAR优化系统;在50%~100%热耗率验收工况(THA)负荷范围,应用该系统可使实例机组的标煤煤耗降低1.94~3.32g/(kW·h),在全负荷范围保持显著节能效益。为进一步推进该技术付诸应用,文章提出了HAR优化系统的运行控制方法。 相似文献
9.
Shohei Minagawa Shoji Fujiwara Takeshi Hashimoto Takashi Hayashita 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are water-soluble host molecules possessing a nanosized hydrophobic cavity. In the realm of molecular recognition, this cavity is used not only as a recognition site but also as a reaction medium, where a hydrophobic sensor recognizes a guest molecule. Based on the latter concept, we have designed a novel supramolecular sensing system composed of Zn(II)-dipicolylamine metal complex-based azobenzene (1-Zn) and 3A-amino-3A-deoxy-(2AS,3AS)-γ-cyclodextrin (3-NH2-γ-CyD) for sensing adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). 1-Zn showed redshifts in the UV-Vis spectra and induced circular dichroism (ICD) only when both ATP and 3-NH2-γ-CyD were present. Calculations of equilibrium constants indicated that the amino group of 3-NH2-γ-CyD was involved in the formation of supramolecular 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP. The Job plot of the ICD spectral response revealed that the stoichiometry of 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP was 2:1:1. The pH effect was examined and 1-Zn/3-NH2-γ-CyD/ATP was most stable in the neutral condition. The NOESY spectrum suggested the localization of 1-Zn in the 3-NH2-γ-CyD cavity. Based on the obtained results, the metal coordination interaction of 1-Zn and the electrostatic interaction of 3-NH2-γ-CyD were found to take place for ATP recognition. The “reaction medium approach” enabled us to develop a supramolecular sensing system that undergoes multi-point interactions in water. This study is the first step in the design of a selective sensing system based on a good understanding of supramolecular structures. 相似文献
10.
Mario Schmidt 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(11):1707-1716
The extraction of raw materials is associated with energy input and CO2 emissions. What is obvious for extraction from mining, however, also applies to recycling. Mostly, recycling is preferred for reasons of climate protection or because of the geological scarcity of raw materials, which is controversially discussed. While in mining, the declining ore grade is a driver for the energy demand, in case of recycling it is the dissipation of materials into products or waste. As concentration decreases, the effort required also increases disproportionately. The “closing the loop” metaphor of Circular Economy is therefore inappropriate in its stricter meaning. It is rather about optimizing the overall system and finding the optimal recycling rate. However, first, it must be clarified what the political goals for Circular Economy are. 相似文献