油煎工艺条件对香煎大麻哈鱼品质的影响

以黑龙江特色菜肴"香煎大麻哈鱼"为研究对象,主要探究不同油煎温度(145,150,155,160,165℃)和时间(6,7,8,9,10min)对香煎大麻哈鱼品质的影响。通过单因素试验分别对香煎鱼肉的剪切力、出品率、水分含量和感官质量进行测定,筛选出最佳的加热工艺。结果表明,香煎大麻哈鱼最佳的油煎条件为在油温155℃时油煎8min,此时鱼肉最嫩,出品率较高,水分含量最大,感官评价得分最高,表现为肉质多汁性、口感等感官品质最佳。     

滤油粉对大豆油煎炸品质的影响

目的考察滤油粉对大豆油煎炸品质的影响。方法以一级大豆油为研究对象,对其早期煎炸过程中的酸价、色泽、极性组分等3项评价指标进行检测并分析其变化趋势,并对煎炸后的食材进行了风味差异性对比的感官评价实验。结果随着煎炸时间的增加,使用了滤油粉后,一级大豆油的酸价、色泽、极性组分都呈现下降的趋势。此外,使用滤油粉的大豆油所炸制出来的的食物在风味上并没有明显差异。结论滤油粉能改善大豆油在煎炸过程中的部分品质。     

网络安全等级保护测评中测评结论的度量方法优化

文章分析了网络安全等级保护2.0时期国家标准的新变化对等级测评结论可能产生的影响,并用实际案例和数据论述了以往描述的基于测评指标和基于测评对象的定量分析方法存在的局限性。根据网络安全等级保护国家标准结构和内容的新特点,结合新的等级测评结论表述方法,文章提出了调整和优化定量计算产生等级测评结论的思路,给出了缺陷扣分的原理和缺陷扣分的定量计算方法,并比较了各种定量计算方法在计算结果上的差异,提出了适合新标准的测评结论定量计算公式。     

Influence of bunch maturation and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in starchy banana chips

The present study investigated the effect of ripening stages and chemical precursors on acrylamide formation in deep-fried chips of five plantains and one cooking banana. The highest level of acrylamide was found in the cooking banana, followed by False Horn plantain and French plantain, respectively. French plantain hybrids exhibited a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of acrylamide when compared to French plantain. The ripening stage demonstrated a positive Pearson correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.57) with acrylamide formation. As ripening progressed, the levels of glucose and fructose significantly increased (P < 0.05) and showed a positive correlation with acrylamide formation (r = 0.85 and 0.96, respectively). The level of the amino acid asparagine during ripening was not correlated with acrylamide formation. In contrast, the level of histidine, arginine, iso-leucine and cystine during ripening was positively correlated (P < 0.05, r > 0.60) with acrylamide formation in fried chips. The higher level of TP was significantly related (P < 0.05) to the lower level of acrylamide (r = −0.62). The reduced levels of carotenoid isomers, except lutein, during fruit ripening were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with acrylamide formation, especially trans-BC (r = 0.72) and 9-cis-BC(r = 0.64).     

苏里格致密砂岩气藏未动用储量评价及开发对策

为落实苏里格气田强非均质致密砂岩气藏储量规模和动用程度、评价稳产潜力，基于储层地质知识库，通过细分计算单元采用"容积法"完成储量复算；结合储层静态参数、气井生产指标及内部收益率建立了储量分类评价标准，将储量分为富集区、致密区和富水区三类；优选"单井控制面积法"评价已动用储量和剩余未动用储量。评价结果表明，苏里格气田储量基础落实，各区块储量动用程度差异大，储量综合动用程度为40.1%，剩余未动用储量规模大，稳产潜力较好。目前经济技术条件下，气田稳产主要通过井网加密、侧钻水平井及查层补孔的方式来提高富集区和致密区储量动用程度，富水区剩余储量的有效动用仍须进一步攻关。     

A Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Flavor Characteristics of Chicken Nuggets during Air Frying and Deep Frying

Chicken nuggets were air-fried and deep-fried for various times at the same temperature. The moisture content, oil content, color, texture, volatile compounds, and lipids degradation of the chicken nuggets were investigated. The evolution rate of the moisture content, oil content, color, and texture were much higher during deep frying than during air frying. Air frying required more time to produce similar quality attributes as those of deep-fried chicken nuggets. On average, the oil content of the air-fried chicken nuggets was 25% lower than that of the deep-fried chicken nuggets. Of the 74 volatile compounds identified in the fried chicken nuggets, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and heterocycles were the main flavor contributors. The total amount of volatile compounds and aldehydes detected in the air-fried chicken nuggets was much lower than that in the deep-fried samples, but the number of heterocycles produced by the Maillard reaction was higher during air frying. Sensory evaluation revealed that the air-fried chicken nuggets had lower oiliness and crispness, and 9 min was the optimal frying time to obtain air-fried chicken nuggets with similar sensory attributes (color, odor, juiciness, and overall acceptance) as those of the best deep-fried chicken nuggets. Air frying was a healthier frying method for the production of fried chicken nuggets, which could reduce oxidative degradation of lipids in chicken nuggets.     

Evaluation of the effect of a novel membrane filtration system on the lifespan of frying oil

Frying oil has a limited lifetime which results in the disposal of approximately 67% of all used oil. The aim of this study is to determine the suitability of different membranes for purifying frying oil and investigate the application of continuous membrane filtration in a commercial deep fryer. Eleven different membranes were tested to assess their suitability for filtrating frying oil. A prototype continuous filtration system with an integrated membrane filter was developed for a deep fryer to assess the effect of continuous membrane filtration on oil degradation. The prototype was subjected to a frying test over 13 days and the results compared to those from a standard deep fryer. The prototype maintained total polar compounds (TPC) at an acceptable level of <12% and the oil remained light in colour even after more than 280 h of use, while TPC in the standard deep fryer rose to >27%.