橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒抗氧化性的影响

采用2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）方法动态监测经橡木桶陈酿和未经橡木桶陈酿的红葡萄酒的反应过程，比较在测定其抗氧化活性的反应条件上的差异，从而确定适合检测的最佳反应条件，并分析橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒中酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明，ABTS方法测定经橡木桶陈酿的红葡萄酒抗氧化活性的最佳反应时间范围是240～280 min，最佳稀释比例范围为1∶100～2∶100，未经橡木桶陈酿的最佳反应时间范围是220～260 min，最佳稀释比例范围是3∶100～4∶100，此条件下各因素与自由基清除率的线性关系R2均＞0.999。试验证明，采用合适的检测方法测定不同陈酿方式酒的抗氧化活性有利于提高检测效率和准确性，经橡木桶陈酿过的红葡萄酒中的酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性更高。     

基于主成分分析法的熟化菠萝蜜种子品质评价

以菠萝蜜种子为原料,研究水煮、汽蒸、焙烤3种熟化方式对其感官品质、色泽、质构、糊化度、基本营养含量、脂肪酶抑制率、质量损失率和微观结构的影响,并对其品质指标进行主成分分析。结果表明:水煮、汽蒸、焙烤3种熟化方式对不同指标有较大影响,水煮方式糊化度最高且质量损失率最大;焙烤显著加深菠萝蜜种子色泽且脂肪酶抑制率最大;汽蒸熟化后菠萝蜜种子感官评分最高;通过主成分分析可知,焙烤方式获得的品质评价综合得分最高,可作为菠萝蜜种子预熟化的较优选择。     

The effects of preparation and cooking processes on vitamins and antioxidant capacity of sour and spicy potato silk

The effect of a traditional dish sour and spicy potato silk preparation and cooking process on B vitamins, phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities was investigated. Results showed that cutting of potato caused an increase in VB₁, VB₂, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, VB₇ and VB₉. Soaking decreased the content of B vitamins and vitamin C. Blanching and rinsing caused the contents of B vitamins and vitamin C decrease compared to the control. The content of VB₁, VB₅ and VB₆ after rinsing increased compared to soaking and blanching processes. However, VB₁, nicotinamide, VB₅, VB₆ and VC decreased sharply after the stir-frying process. The content of VB₁, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, VB₇ and VC retained the most after five steps compared to the control. In addition, there was no difference in VB₉ contents among different cooking processes compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhibited a reduction rate of 95.32% and peroxidase (POD) 97.13% after the stir-frying process.     

Impact of maceration time on colour‐related phenolics,sensory characteristics and volatile composition of mulberry wine

This study investigated the effect of maceration treatment on colour‐related phenolics, sensory characteristics and volatile composition in mulberry wine. Pre‐fermentation maceration was performed for 2 days (‘short’), 6 days (‘medium’) and 8 days (‘long’), respectively, followed by the same fermentation process. Results showed that the long maceration (LM) caused higher level of anthocyanins in wine, especially cyaniding‐3‐O‐rutinoside, cyaniding‐3‐O‐glucoside and dephinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, whereas the short maceration caused lower level of phenolic acids in wine. The medium maceration (MM) wine showed the highest level of flavonols but the lowest concentration of flavan‐3‐ol. The LM wine exhibited greater red tone and colour intensity accompanied by higher amounts of free and copigmented anthocyanins. The LM wine showed lower levels of alcohols, acids, terpenoids, benzenes and sulphur compounds, whereas the lowest level of esters was found in the MM wine. The LM wine had reduced fruity and floral aroma and overall flavour complexity compared with the other wines. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

铁皮石斛发酵酒品质特性研究

以铁皮石斛为原料，研究了产乳酸芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）DU-106和酿酒酵母菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）171发酵铁皮石斛酒的理化性质，并测定了发酵前后的活性成分、有机酸组成及含量、发酵酒体组成成分变化。结果表明，最佳发酵条件为芽孢杆菌∶酿酒酵母=1∶10（V/V），接种2%菌种活化液，30 ℃发酵7 d。此优化条件下，铁皮石斛酒的pH值为3.75，总酸含量为0.98%，酒精度为5.2%vol，可溶性固形物含量8%。发酵后多糖含量增加至4.99 g/L，花色苷含量增加至16.82 mg/L，有机酸含量发生明显变化，其中酒石酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸含量分别升高至280.39 mg/L、126.28 mg/L、55.19 mg/L、16.78 mg/L，苹果酸含量由53.01 mg/L降低至33.86 mg/L，且发酵前后组分差异显著，发酵后产生了2,5-二羟基-3-噻吩羧酸等化合物。混合菌发酵促进了铁皮石斛中有益物质的溶出，提高了铁皮石斛酒的营养价值。     

高光谱成像检测煎制中调理牛肉品质的变化

将牛肉混合调料后煎制到不同熟度,制成调理肉,研究调理牛肉加工中水分、色泽、嫩度等理化品质及370～1 023nm波段内的光谱特征变化,并构建品质的可视化检测模型。结果表明,牛肉煎制中含水率下降,剪切力上升,且变化显著(P0.05)。由于调料混合以及煎炸加工的不均匀性,调理肉表面色泽与可见光区间光谱变化不规律,而在近红外光谱(800～1 023nm)反射值随熟度显著增高。基于100块牛肉数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)降维高光谱数据,支持向量机(SVM)建模并用粒子群(PSO)优化参数,预测调理牛肉水分和剪切力R~2分别为0.908,0.763,RMSEP分别为1.096,2.097。证实高光谱技术具备对混有各种调料的复杂食品的检测能力。     

葡萄酒酿造过程中产β-葡萄糖苷酶酵母菌研究进展

在葡萄酒酿造的微环境中，产β-葡萄糖苷酶的酵母菌种类繁多，其酶的活性也存在着显著的差异。该文对产β-葡萄糖苷酶的酵母菌种类、产酶部位、产酶工程菌的构建、产酶酵母菌的选育方法以及酿造过程中酶解产香机制等方面的研究成果进行了综述，以期为高产β-葡萄糖苷酶酵母菌的选育和葡萄酒酿造过程中香气品质的提升提供参考。