The microbiology of mixed salad containing raw and cooked ingredients without dressing

Growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in mixed salad without dressing, containing cooked sweet corn and raw endive, was similar to that of raw endive alone. At 9°C, sweet corn permitted the growth of the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides , whenever the bacterium was present on raw endive, whereas no growth of lactic acid bacteria was recorded on raw endive alone. Listeria monocytogenes , artificially inoculated in the samples, grew more in the mixed salad than in the raw endive alone, for products stored at 6°C and 9°C. Acidification of sweet corn to pH 5.0 was proposed to reduce the development of L. monocytogenes in the mixed salad to a level similar to that recorded in the raw endive alone. Acidification with citric acid reduced spoilage of sweet corn, whereas acetic acid caused necrosis on the leaves of raw endive.     

High-Protein Texturized Products of Defatted Soy Flour, Corn Starch and Beef: Shelf-Life, Physical and Sensory Properties

Selected mixes consisting of Bf [high-beef (29%) low-fat (2.96%)], bf [low-beef (20%) low-fat] and BF [high-beef high-fat (5%)] which incorporated raw beef, defatted soy flour, and corn starch were extruded in a single-screw extruder. The products had no flavor additives and trained sensory panelists detected hay-like, beany or grainy flavors. Bf extrudate was more expanded than BF extrudate and rated least hard by the sensory panel, whereas bf extrudate was least susceptible to lipid oxidation. Bf and bf extrudates showed microstruc-tures with large air cells. All three showed advantages of beef and soy flour in amino acid and fatty acid compositions, respectively, and were microbiologically safe during prolonged storage at 37°C.     

Effect of randomization on oxidative stability of vegetable oils at two different temperatures

Five vegetable oils were each randomized by chemical means (with the use of a sodium potassium alloy) and by enzymatic means (using a nonspecific lipase). The success of the randomization procedure was confirmed via positional analysis. The oxidative stabilities of the native and chemically randomized oils were determined at storage temperatures of 28°C and 55°C using absorbance at 234 nm as indicative of conjugated diene content. No difference between curves occurred in oils stored at 55°C, however, at the lower temperature all chemically randomized oils had significantly steeper slopes (P<0.05), suggesting a lower stability. When both enzymatically and chemically randomized oils were compared to native oils at 28°C, no significant difference occurred between slopes of native and enzymatically randomized oils, however, the end content of conjugated dienes was significantly higher for chemically randomized canola, corn and soybean oils (P<0.05). No difference was seen between the slopes of the three different oils from either linseed or sunflower. Since both of these oils exhibited higher oxidation rates, it is possible that observation of differences between the stability of native and chemically randomized oild is dependent upon the rate of the reaction.     

Fracture Intensity Distributions during Compression of Puffed Corn Meal Extrudates: Method for Quantifying Fracturability

The distribution of fracture intensities occurring during compression of puffed corn meal extrudates was described using an exponential function, and parameters from that analysis were used as fracturability indices. Since “jagged” or oscillating stress-strain functions are typical for porous and brittle materials, fracture intensities were determined by measuring the abrupt, sequential reductions in stress produced during compression. Both distribution exponent and cumulative fracture stress correlated strongly with fracturability measured by other techniques, including fractal and Fourier analysis of stress-strain functions. Distribution parameters also indicated textural differences due to process parameters (structural modification through addition of different levels of sucrose) and storage conditions (equilibration at various relative humidities).     

阿拉伯胶对玉米淀粉的共混改性

用阿拉伯胶对玉米淀粉浆料共混改性,使用快速黏度仪(RVA)测定阿拉伯胶-玉米淀粉体系的糊化性能,分析阿拉伯胶对淀粉成膜性能的影响。结果表明,阿拉伯胶会大大降低淀粉糊化的峰值黏度和衰减值,提高淀粉浆膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长,并改善淀粉浆膜的硬脆性。     

挤出处理对玉米面团物性的影响

利用单螺杆挤出机对玉米粉进行改性处理,以玉米面团弹性值为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法研究挤出温度、物料加水量、物料粒度对改性玉米粉面团物性的影响。结果表明:挤出温度150℃、物料含水量43%、物料粒度0.246mm条件下挤出处理后,玉米面团硬度3037.697,黏度-2.162,弹性0.136,内聚性0.259,胶黏性769.195,耐咀性98.484,恢复性0.075,此时面团物性最好,可用于弹性面团食品的加工。     

甜玉米蛋糕的研制

研究了添加甜玉米制作乳化蛋糕的生产工艺过程和工艺条件;通过单因素实验和正交实验探讨蛋糕生产中甜玉米添加量、蛋粉比、乳化剂用量、加水量四因素对蛋糕品质的影响,从而确定了甜玉米蛋糕的最佳配方:面粉100％,鸡蛋140％,甜玉米8％,砂糖90％,水23％,乳化剂6％。     

玉米谷蛋白功能性质研究

该研究对谷蛋白功能性质进行测定,并与大豆分离蛋白相关性质进行比较,结果表明:玉米谷蛋白具有良好吸水性、持油性、湿润性、凝胶性;但持水性较差,乳化能力略低于大豆分离蛋白;并介绍玉米谷蛋白功能性质及其在食品中应用。     

热风微波干燥龙眼肉工艺的优化

针对龙眼肉原料受热不均匀和微波干燥速率过快与局部过焦的问题,尝试在干燥前将原料均匀涂抹经过适度加热的玉米调和油,然后再进行热风微波干燥,旨在通过降低微波干燥的加热速度来提高龙眼肉的生产效率和产品品质。文中建立了具体的感官评价体系,从功率密度、加热方式、初始含水率3个方面分析添加油脂膜的龙眼肉在微波干燥过程中的颜色变化、干燥速率变化、感官评价变化。实验找到了经油脂涂膜处理的龙眼肉在热风微波干燥工艺的优化点:4W/g功率、微波10s间歇40s、初水分含量50%～60%、食用油脂含2%～4%。与未使用任何预处理的热风微波干燥龙眼肉相比较,该工艺可以得到更加良好的品质,且保质期在6m。     

玉米浆发酵法生产植物蛋白调味液工艺的探讨

分析了调味品市场对植物蛋白调味液的需求,详细探讨了以玉米浆为原料生产植物蛋白调味液的各种工艺特点,提出了在玉米浆微生物发酵过程中应该注意的问题及解决方法。