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1.
陈文雯 《包装工程》2022,43(24):269-276
目的 针对目前市面上都江堰旅游产品识别性较弱、同质化严重,对具有地域文化特色的旅游产品开发较少的问题,以地域文化元素作为都江堰旅游产品设计的核心,提出旅游产品的设计策略。方法 研究都江堰旅游产品设计,应从地域化和文化内涵入手。通过分析旅游产品现状,地域文化元素及新旅游时代背景下旅游产品的发展趋势,结合情感化设计理念,围绕用户体验进行探究,总结出都江堰旅游产品设计开发模式。以李冰石像和鱼嘴段水利工程元素为例,进行产品实践。结论 提出符合都江堰区域特色的旅游产品设计策略,即树立品牌意识、打造IP形象,以地域文化元素为设计核心,加强情感互动、与科技相融合的设计策略。赋予旅游产品更深层次的内涵,打造更多具有地域文化特色的旅游产品,从而推动历史文化与商业价值的融合,也能够为同类型旅游产品提供具有应用价值和参考的设计策略和思路。  相似文献   
2.
发酵肉制品营养丰富、风味独特,深受广大消费者的喜爱。肉制品在发酵过程中受组织内源酶和微生物共同作用会发生一系列复杂的生物化学变化,其中最重要的是蛋白质降解。蛋白质降解既可以增加肉制品风味物质的种类,又提高了蛋白质的消化率,提升了产品的营养价值,并且蛋白质降解生成的部分肽类物质具有一定的生物活性及生理功能,如抗氧化、抗菌、降血压、提高人体免疫力等,因此对生物活性肽的制备与功能研究具有重要的理论与应用价值。发酵肉制品是生物活性肽的一个良好来源,本文主要综述发酵肉制品中蛋白质降解生成生物活性肽的种类、分离纯化方法及生物活性肽的功能利用,旨在为功能性发酵肉制品的研发和生产提供理论支持。  相似文献   
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4.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(4):3588-3600
Fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes induced by high concentrations of fatty acids due to lipolysis and the associated oxidative damage they cause occur most frequently after calving. Because of their role in esterification of fatty acids, diacylglycerol acyltransferase isoforms (DGAT1 and DGAT2) could play a role in the susceptibility of dairy cows to develop fatty liver. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed in vivo and in vitro analyses using liver biopsies or isolated primary hepatocytes. The in vivo study (n = 5 cows/group) involved healthy cows [average liver triacylglycerol (TAG) = 0.78%; 0.58 to 0.93%, ratio of triglyceride weight to wet liver weight] or cows diagnosed with fatty liver (average TAG = 7.60%; 5.31 to 10.54%). In vitro, hepatocytes isolated from 3 healthy female calves (1 d old, 44 to 53 kg) were challenged with (fatty acids) or without (control) a 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids in an attempt to induce metabolic stress. Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with DGAT1 inhibitor or DGAT2 inhibitor for 2 h followed by a challenge with (DGAT1 inhibitor + fatty acids or DGAT2 inhibitor + fatty acids) or without (DGAT1 inhibitor or DGAT2 inhibitor) the 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids for 12 h. Data analysis of liver biopsies was compared using a 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. Data from calf hepatocyte treatment comparisons were assessed by one-way ANOVA, and multiplicity for each experiment was adjusted by the Holm's procedure. Data indicated that both fatty liver and in vitro challenge with fatty acids were associated with greater mRNA and protein abundance of SREBF1, FASN, DGAT1, and DGAT2. In contrast, mRNA and protein abundance of CPT1A and very low-density lipoprotein synthesis-related proteins MTTP and APOB were markedly lower. However, compared with fatty acid challenge alone, DGAT1 inhibitor + fatty acids led to greater mRNA and protein abundance of CPT1A and APOB, and greater mRNA abundance of SREBF1 and MTTP. Furthermore, this treatment led to lower mRNA abundance of FASN and DGAT2 and TAG concentrations. Compared with fatty acid challenge alone, DGAT2 inhibitor + fatty acids led to greater mRNA and protein abundance of CPT1A, MTTP, and APOB, and lower mRNA and protein abundance of SREBF1 and FASN. In addition, compared with control and fatty acids, there was greater protein abundance of GRP78 and PERK in both DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibitor with or without fatty acids. Furthermore, compared with control and fatty acids, reactive oxygen species concentrations in the DGAT1 inhibitor with or without fatty acid group was greater. Overall, data suggested that DGAT1 is particularly relevant in the context of hepatocyte TAG synthesis from exogenous fatty acids. Disruption of both DGAT1 and DGAT2 altered lipid homeostasis, channeling fatty acids toward oxidation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Both DGAT isoforms play a role in promoting fatty acid storage into TAG and lipid droplets to protect hepatocytes from oxidative damage.  相似文献   
5.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(5):3926-3938
Sensory and physical properties of 2 lemon-flavored beverages with 5% and 7.5% wt/wt nonfat dry milk (NFDM) at pH 2.5 were studied during storage. The 2 beverages had similar volatile compounds, but the 5% NFDM had higher aroma and lemon flavor, with a preferred appearance by consumers due to the lower turbidity and viscosity. After 28 d of storage at 4°C, lemon flavor decreased in the 5% NFDM beverage but was still more intense than the 7.5% one. During 70 d of storage, no microorganisms were detected, and the beverages were more stable when stored at 4°C than at room temperature according to changes of physical properties measured for appearance, turbidity, color, particle size, zeta potential, rheological properties, and transmission electron microscopy morphology. Findings of the present study suggest that NFDM may be used at 5% wt/wt to produce stable acidic dairy beverages with low turbidity when stored at 4°C.  相似文献   
6.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(6):5471-5492
The detection of reproductive tract disease (RTD) 3 wk postpartum is important because of its effect on subsequent reproductive outcomes. Numerous methods for the diagnosis of RTD are described, some of which are more practical and instantaneous in terms of diagnosis. Two of these methods involve identification of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and evidence of ultrasonographic uterine changes indicative of endometritis (UE). The objectives of our retrospective observational study were (1) to assess the association of PVD or UE score at the prebreeding examination (PBE) with the hazard of pregnancy within the subsequent breeding season; (2) to determine the test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the point of sampling of both tests using a Bayesian latent class model; and (3) to determine the effect of varying positivity thresholds on test accuracy. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed an initial data set of 5,049 PBE from 2,460 spring-calved cows in 8 herds between 2014 and 2018. Each PBE was conducted once between 25 and 86 d in milk. At each PBE, vaginal discharge was obtained with a Metricheck device (Simcro) whereas uterine contents were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Purulent vaginal discharge was scored on a scale of 0 to 3 depending on discharge character, and UE was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 depending on the presence and consistency of intraluminal fluid. Cows with scores of ≥2 in either test had received treatment. Fertility data were available from 4,756 PBE after data exclusion. The association between PVD or UE score at the PBE and subsequent hazard of pregnancy was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Cows with a PVD score of 2 or 3 were less likely to conceive than cows with a PVD score 0 [score 2 hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.94; score 3 HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51–0.84]. Cows with a UE score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 were less likely to conceive than cows with a UE score of 0 (score 1 HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; score 2 HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62–1.00; score 3 HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90; score 4 HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26–0.58). To determine the Se and Sp of PVD or UE score for diagnosis of RTD at the time of PBE, a Bayesian latent class model was fitted on 2,460 individual cow PBE. Flat priors were used for the Se and Sp of UE, whereas informative priors were used for PVD Se (mode = 65%, 5th percentile = 45%) and Sp (mode = 90%, 5th percentile = 80%) and RTD prevalence (mode = 20%, 5th percentile = 10%). Posterior estimates (median and 95% Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using ‘rjags' (R Studio). The optimal test thresholds (PVD and UE score ≥1) were selected by assessing the effect of different thresholds on test estimates and using a misclassification cost analysis. Based on these, median (95% BPI) Se for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 44% (29–60%) and 67% (33–100%), respectively. Median Sp for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 90% (86–93%) and 91% (86–93%), respectively. Higher scores in both tests were associated with impaired fertility, and UE scoring with a threshold of ≥1 had the highest test Se and Sp estimates although test Se was conditional on days in milk when the PBE occurred.  相似文献   
7.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(7):6251-6260
Poor udder health status can have a detrimental effect on milk yield and reproductive performance, leading to reductions in the dairy farm profit. The objective of this retrospective longitudinal study was to assess the associations of somatic cell count (SCC) with daily milk yield and reproductive performance. A database with 1,930,376 lactations from 867 Argentinean grazing dairy herds records collected for 14 years was used. The association of the evolution of SCC (healthy vs. new case vs. cured vs. chronic; with 150,000 SCC/mL as threshold) and of the severity of SCC [mild (150,000­–400,000 SCC/mL) vs. moderate (400,000–1,000,000 SCC/mL) vs. severe (>1,000,000 SCC/mL)] with the odds for conception were estimated. Finally, the associations of the linear score of SCC (LS-SCC) with daily milk yield were estimated depending on parity and milk production quartile. The odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception at first service were 0.921 (0.902–0.941), 0.866 (0.848–0.884), and 0.842 (0.826–0.859) for the new case, cured, and chronic cows compared with healthy cows, respectively. Also, the odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception were 0.902 (0.881–0.925), 0.837 (0.808–0.866) and 0.709 (0.683–0.736) for mild, moderate and severe cases compared with healthy cows, respectively. An increase of one point of LS-SCC was associated with decreases of 0.349, 0.539, and 0.676 kg in daily milk yield for first-, second-, and third-lactation cows, respectively. In conclusion, SCC is negatively associated with the risk for conception and with daily milk yield in grazing dairy cows. This negative relationship with conception is higher when SCC increase occurs after the service date and it is influenced by severity of mastitis, and in the case of milk yield, the negative association is influenced by parity, milk production quartile, and severity of mastitis.  相似文献   
8.
李霄  李磊磊  黄晓辉  韦奉  吕祥鸿 《焊管》2022,45(4):8-12
为了探究L360钢在SRB/CO2环境中的腐蚀行为,通过高温高压模拟腐蚀试验以及OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等分析技术,对L360钢的显微组织及其在SRB/CO2环境中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物膜成分进行了分析。结果显示,在模拟腐蚀溶液中,L360钢属于极严重腐蚀。L360钢在含SRB的CO2腐蚀环境中SRB发生膜下腐蚀,膜层在高流速环境中受剪切力破损,使膜层对基体的保护作用降低,模拟环境溶液中的Cl-进入膜层裂缝在基体金属表面活性高的位置发生富集。试验表明,SRB腐蚀形成的点蚀坑为Cl-提供了良好的富集点,导致点蚀快速成长,腐蚀加剧,且表面腐蚀产物为FeS和少量的FeCO3。  相似文献   
9.
自然资本、生态产品及生态产品价值,构成了存量、流量和价值三者相互依存的关系。自然资本协议是借用金融制度的一套新的工具体系,能够通过企业这种市场细胞,将存量的自然资本所转化的生态产品价值进行量化评估。本文介绍了自然资本联盟发布的自然资本协议相关内容,该协议通过企业活动的 “影响”和“依赖”两个核心概念去评估价值,规定了一套评估框架,包括四个逻辑阶段和九个步骤。四个逻辑阶段包括:架构阶段,以确定进行自然资本评估的原因;范畴阶段,定义评估中应包含的内容,度量和估值阶段,用于指导如何衡量和评估自然资本;应用阶段,帮助解释结果并确定下一步。评估方法包括多种定性、定量和货币方法。该市场化手段评估生态产品价值,以企业为最小单元,为评估找到价值之锚,可改变被动治理环境的局面,有助于形成正面激励措施,创造经济增长新动力。生态产品价值一但实现,可确立以政府为主导,市场为主体,中介机构积极参与推进体系。并借助产权交易、投融资机制创新,推进生态文明建设。对我国自然资源管理部门,自然资本评估也可促进自然资产管理,并引导、考核市场主体和管理主体。  相似文献   
10.
拟除虫菊酯类农药因其稳定性和高效性被广泛应用于农业生产中,在农产品中的残留问题日益突出,对食品安全构成威胁。农药残留问题越来越受到消费者和相关研究人员的重视。因此,了解农产品中拟除虫菊酯类农药的污染现状,寻求有效措施控制污染已迫在眉睫。本文介绍了拟除虫菊酯类农药的特性,阐述了全球农产品中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留现状,同时概述了拟除虫菊酯类农药的减除技术,并对其减除技术发展进行展望,为减少农产品中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留,保障农产品安全提供参考依据。  相似文献   
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