流动注射化学发光法测定动物肝脏中的甲磺酸达氟沙星

建立了一种快速测定动物肝脏中甲磺酸达氟沙星的新方法。本方法的基础是碱性介质中甲磺酸达氟沙星对鲁米诺-高碘酸钾体系发光强度的线性增敏作用,样品通过固相萃取柱净化后,在与标准曲线完全相同的条件下用流动注射化学发光法测定。结果表明:优化实验条件下,甲磺酸达氟沙星在质量浓度4.53×10-6～2.27×10-3mg/mL范围内与体系相对化学发光强度呈良好线性关系,检出限为3.76×10-6mg/mL,相对标准偏差RSD为1.9%(n=11)。用于猪肝和鸡肝甲磺酸达氟沙星的测定,加标回收率为69.00%～97.50%,结果令人满意。     

达氟沙星残留生物条形码检测技术的建立

将达氟沙星多克隆抗体和条形码DNA链同时修饰在金纳米颗粒表面用于制备纳米金复合探针（NP）,达氟沙星单克隆抗体与磁性颗粒相结合制备磁性探针（MMP）,待上述两种探针制备成功后与达氟沙星标准品进行杂交反应,同时发挥磁场作用固定MMP,除去未结合的NP探针,最后将标记在金纳米复合探针上的DNA链释放出来,对收集释放的DNA链应用微孔板银染的生物条形码技术进行检测间接得到达氟沙星的残留量,该检测方法不需要昂贵的仪器设备,普通实验室利用酶标仪即可完成全部实验操作,操作简单,检测速度快,其检测灵敏度要优于传统的酶联免疫吸附法。结果表明,在0.05~50 ng/mL范围内检测达氟沙星的最低检出限IC15为3.62 ng/mL,其检测灵敏度是常规免疫检测方法的100倍。本方法实现了对达氟沙星残留的超高灵敏度检测,同时本方法也可应用于其它类抗生素的高效快速检测,因此,本方法的建立具备一定的实用性。     

Residues of veterinary antibiotics in manures from feedlot livestock in eight provinces of China

The residue levels of selected fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in 143 animal dung samples collected in 2007 from large-scale livestock and poultry feedlots in 8 provinces were determined by using ultrasonic extraction and liquid chromatography. Recoveries from spiked pig dung samples (spike level = 1 mg/kg) ranged from 73.9 to 102.0% for fluoroquinolones, from 81.6 to 92.3% for sulfonamides, and from 57.2 to 72.6% for tetracyclines. Relative standard deviations of the recoveries were less than 10% within the same day. Method quantification limits were measured from 0.031 to 0.150 mg/kg for fluoroquinolones, from 0.023 to 0.082 mg/kg for sulfonamides, and 0.091 to 0.182 mg/kg for tetracyclines in spiked pig manure samples. Analysis of 61 pig, 54 chicken and 28 cow dung samples collected in China revealed that in pig and cow dung, up to 33.98 and 29.59 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, 33.26 and 46.70 mg/kg enrofloxacin, 59.06 and 59.59 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and 21.06 and 27.59 mg/kg chlortetracycline could be detected, respectively. A maximum concentration of 99.43 mg/kg fleroxacin, 225.45 mg/kg norfloxacin, 45.59 mg/kg ciprofloxacin and 1420.76 mg/kg enrofloxacin could be detected in chicken dung. No appreciable sulfonamide antibiotic concentrations (less than 10 mg/kg) were found in any animal dung, and only sulfadimidine was observed, at a maximum concentration of 6.04 mg/kg, in chicken dung. Both enrofloxacin and chlortetracycline were detected with a very high occurrence in three animal manure samples. The residue levels for most antibiotics showed significant statistical differences among the sampling districts and the animal species.     

Preparation of anti‐danofloxacin antibody and development of an indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of danofloxacin residue in chicken liver

BACKGROUND: Danofloxacin is used widely as both a clinical medicine for humans and a veterinary drug in animal husbandry. In this study a polyclonal anti‐danofloxacin antibody was prepared for the first time and a simple and rapid indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) method based on the antibody was developed to monitor danofloxacin residue in chicken liver. RESULTS: The prepared antibody showed high sensitivity, with an IC₅₀ value of 2.0 ng mL^?1 towards danofloxacin, and good specificity, with significant cross‐reactivity only towards pefloxacin (22%) and fleroxacin (21%) among commonly used (fluoro)quinolones evaluated in the study. The developed cELISA test kit had a detection limit of 0.8 ng mL^?1, and satisfactory results were obtained when it was applied to chicken liver spiked with various levels of danofloxacin. The cELISA test kit was also used to detect danofloxacin in chicken liver samples purchased from a local food market, and the results were confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: The anti‐danofloxacin antibody prepared in this study exhibits excellent quality, with high sensitivity and good specificity. The cELISA test kit based on the antibody has a very low detection limit and is suitable for use as an efficient screening method to detect danofloxacin residue in foods and food products. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-荧光法检测鸡蛋中环丙沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星的残留量

目的 建立QuEChERS前处理结合高效液相色谱-荧光检测器(high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector, HPLC-FLD)同时检测鸡蛋中环丙沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星残留量的方法。方法 鸡蛋样品添加4.0 g硫酸钠和1.0 g氯化钠, 再加入8 mL 1%甲酸乙腈进行提取, 离心后上清液再加入到Agilent dSPE净化管中, 经浓缩后采用HPLC-FLD进行检测, 0.05 mol/L磷酸三乙胺溶液(pH 2.4)-乙腈为流动相, 检测波长: 激发波长280 nm, 发射波长450 nm, 采用外标法定量。结果 环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星的线性范围为2~100 μg/L, 相关系数均大于0.9999, 达氟沙星的线性范围为0.4~20 μg/L, 相关系数大于0.9999。环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星的最低定量限为2 μg/kg, 达氟沙星的最低定量限为 0.4 μg/kg。环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星在2~10 μg/kg的浓度添加水平上, 回收率为70.2%~91.8%, 达氟沙星在0.4~2 μg/kg的浓度添加水平上, 回收率为70.5%~96.3%, 批内、批间的相对标准偏差分别为3.89%~9.20%、5.29%~12.3%。结论 该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高, 适用于鸡蛋中环丙沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星残留量的检测。     

基于酪胺信号放大技术的新型ELISA法高灵敏检测达氟沙星

目的 建立一种结果可视的新型ELISA法高灵敏检测达氟沙星。方法 基于酪胺信号放大原理,设计一种高灵敏检测达氟沙星的新型ELISA法;通过灵敏度、特异性实验评估本方法的有效性;将本方法应用于鸡肉和猪肉加标样本的检测进行方法验证。结果 本方法裸眼检测灵敏度为0.4 ng/mL,相较于传统ELISA方法（10 ng/mL）的裸眼检测灵敏度提高了25倍;在缓冲液中与其他几种常用药物无明显交叉反应;对鸡肉和猪肉样本中加标的达氟沙星可有效检出。结论 本方法灵敏度高,特异性好,可用于实际样本中达氟沙星的现场裸眼定性检测。     

Determination of fluoroquinolones in aquaculture products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of fluoroquinolones–ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), danofloxacin (DANO), enrofloxacin (ENRO) and sarafloxacin (SARA)–in aquaculture products, specifically salmon, shrimp and tilapia. After initial sample extraction with an acidic acetonitrile solution, the extract was diluted with dichloromethane and centrifuged, then an aliquot was concentrated and applied to a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge and concentrated for a second time. The resultant residue was dissolved in acetonitrile, diluted with water, and then further defatted with hexane. The fluoroquinolone residues were determined by UPLC with an HSS T3 C18 reverse-phase column using an ammonium hydroxide-formic acid buffer in an acetonitrile gradient with MS/MS detection using multiple reaction monitoring. Average recoveries for salmon tissue ranged from 73% for DANO to 95% for SARA, for shrimp from 71% for DANO to 109% for SARA, and from 62% for DANO to 111% for SARA in tilapia, fortified at the 1.0 ng g^?1 level. Standard curves were linear between 0.002 and 0.5 ng injected for all compounds. Detection limits of 0.2 ng g^?1 for CIPRO, DANO, ENRO, and SARA were easily obtainable. The operational errors, interferences, and recoveries for fortified samples demonstrate that this described method is suitable for routine use in a regulatory programme. The recommended method is simple, rapid, specific and reliable for the routine monitoring of fluoroquinolone residues in aquatic species such as salmon, tilapia and shrimp.