V2O5/RGO/Pt nanocomposite on oxytetracycline degradation and pharmaceutical effluent detoxification

The cover image is based on the Research Article V₂O₅/RGO/Pt nanocomposite on oxytetracycline degradation and pharmaceutical effluent detoxification by Mohan, H et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.6238 .

     

Current major degradation methods for aflatoxins: A review

BackgroundAflatoxins are strong cancerogenic compounds predominantly produced by certain strains of the Aspergillus genus. Due to their extreme stability in different conditions, it is very difficult to remove them completely in human diet and animal feeds. In this way aflatoxins are triggering numerous healthy problems (such as liver cancer) and thus becoming a huge burden to the hygiene system and food industry worldwide.Scope and approachTherefore, seeking for an effective technique to degrade aflatoxins to a threshold level has been a “hot-topic” among researchers. Traditional methods to detoxify aflatoxins include physical and chemical treatments, such as an extrusion cooking process and ammoniation, respectively. Meanwhile a bio-degradation by microorganisms gains its popularity due to its friendliness to both environment and body health. Natural phytochemicals (plant extracts) which have great capability to remove aflatoxins without causing any damage on human and animals come out as an improvement.Key findings and conclusionHowever, a fully and systematically discussion of the methods of detoxification for aflatoxins is still not available. Therefore, in the present review we briefly enumerate several traditional strategies, update newly methods, particularly the potential use of natural phytochemicals, and discuss some mechanisms during the detoxification period, summarizing merits and demerits of these methods. We suggest that this important information and our humble opinions could help researchers to understand the degradation of methods for aflatoxins.     

Growth inhibition of Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol detoxification by lactic acid bacteria and their application in sourdough bread

Eight lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were screened for their ability to inhibit Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) growth and remove deoxynivalenol (DON). Furthermore, the selected LAB strains were applied as starter cultures to evaluate their performance during the breadmaking process. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) AR524 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against F. graminearum growth in a pH-dependent manner and removed up to 40.9% of DON, mainly through cell wall binding. Compared with the control, L. plantarum AR524 inhibited 60.19% of F. graminearum growth and removed 50.53% of DON during breadmaking. The texture properties of the bread were also remarkably improved by L. plantarum AR524, and its shelf life was extended from 3 days to 6 days without the application of any chemical preservatives. Therefore, L. plantarum AR524 shows excellent potential for application as a bioprotective starter culture in bakery products.     

浮选锑尾矿回收金的试验研究

青海某锑金矿选矿厂采用"先锑后金"的优先浮选流程,因矿石氧化程度高,泥化现象严重,导致浮选金精矿品位及回收率很低。为了提高金的选矿回收率,对选锑尾矿采用CIL提金试验研究,金浸出率为65.10%,相比较原选矿工艺金回收率提高52.95%。     

铬渣解毒处理技术综述

铬渣是铬盐生产过程中产生的有毒废渣,其中含有的六价铬具有强氧化性,能够对环境和人体健康产生巨大的危害。为了减小铬渣带来的危害,世界各国研究并开发了多种铬渣解毒技术,旨在采用科学、合理的方法实现铬渣的无害化处理。     

湿法解毒铁铬渣作混凝土掺合料的性能研究

铁铬渣是以铬铁矿为原料生产金属铬和铬盐后产生的工业废渣。经硫酸亚铁湿法解毒的铁铬渣仍然具有一定的火山灰活性,可作混凝土矿物掺合料使用。然而由于湿法解毒铁铬渣含有水溶性铬（Ⅵ）,影响了其建材化资源利用。研究了湿法解毒铁铬渣的粒径分布、火山灰活性;以湿法解毒铁铬渣作为矿物掺合料代替粉煤灰用于C30混凝土,考察了混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浸出量。结果表明：湿法解毒铁铬渣的粒径主要分布在1~20 μm,28 d活性指数达到68%;当湿法解毒铁铬渣取代20%（以质量分数计）粉煤灰时,混凝土坍落度增加了38.2%,7 d和28 d强度分别增加了7%和6%;混凝土浸出液中水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浓度,根据标准的不同其要求也不同。湿法解毒铁铬渣有作为矿物掺合料的可能性,但是需要考虑其水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浸出量,以确保混凝土的安全使用。     

基于循环脱毒技术的高浓度消毒液在线监控系统

次氯酸克拉克电极在高浓度次氯酸的环境中容易中毒,失去检测稳定性,因此,该系统利用自来水进行间断性清洗,在电极深度中毒之前将次氯酸从电极电解液中清除,达到在检测过程中循环退毒的效果,从而维持测试的稳定性.实验显示,在300 ppm(1 ppm =10(-6))的次氯酸环境中进行为期60s的浓度测试,通过180s的自来水退毒就可有效达到退毒要求.在电极稳定工作的基础上,基于系统硬件开发出相应算法,以弥补退毒过程采样频率过低而给消毒系统稳定所带来的影响.现场测试结果表明:该系统可以达到使用要求,维持消毒池次氯酸浓度在±5 ppm的范围区间.     

矿物聚合物的合成及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的解毒与固化

以煤矸石为原料、水玻璃和NaOH为碱性激发剂合成矿物聚合物,以添加硫化物的矿物聚合物对Cr(Ⅵ)进行解毒与固化,对固化体进行了检测.结果表明,当硫化物与Cr(Ⅵ)的摩尔比大于3∶1时,矿物聚合物中总铬的浸出浓度小于1 mg/L时,铬固化率大于99％,对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大固化量为1.2％.添加硫化物的矿物聚合物对Cr(Ⅵ)的解毒与固化是基于氧化还原反应,S2-被氧化为S2+(平均化合价),Cr(Ⅵ)被还原为Cr(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ)被矿物聚合物中的-OAl(-)(OH)3吸引并固化在非晶质结构中.