The location and sizing of urban freight loading/unloading lay-by areas

The volume of freight vehicles operating within city boundaries is steadily increasing, which contributes to road congestion, especially in urban areas with a parking deficit. The proper identification of the location and size of commercial parking lay-by areas, where delivery vehicles can park for a limited time to perform loading/unloading operations, can relieve road congestion. Compared to the existing literature, this paper presents an improved two-stage approach, which includes a mathematical programme and a simulation model for determining the location and sizing of lay-by areas. The robustness and soundness of the results from a methodological and practical point of view are discussed using an example application.     

我国地方绵羊品种与进口羊腿肉的营养质构差异分析

目的分析对比我国不同产区主要地方品种与进口羊腿肉的营养品质与质构差异。方法选取中东部农牧交错带肉羊优势区域主要产区:内蒙古锡林郭勒;西北肉羊优势区域的代表产区:新疆、甘肃和宁夏,以乌珠穆沁羊、滩羊、哈萨克羊3个地方品种为主,同时对比来自澳大利亚和新西兰的进口羊腿,品种分别为澳洲白与无角陶赛特羊。分析羊腿的蛋白、脂肪、脂肪酸及氨基酸、维生素、矿物质含量,以及质构参数。结果澳大利亚羊腿蛋白含量较高;甘肃肃北哈萨克羊脂肪酸组成最优;内蒙古锡林郭勒阿巴嘎旗乌珠穆沁羊的钙、磷、钾含量均较高。结论营养成分受品种、饲养方式、地理环境等综合影响:蛋白含量与品种有关,放牧会增加羊腿中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,地理环境与饲料共同影响羊腿的矿质元素含量特征;口感受饲养方式影响较大,放牧会导致羊肉硬度较高。     

不同热加工处理方式对中华绒螯蟹原肌球蛋白的消化稳定性和致敏性的影响

目的 探究不同热加工处理方式对中华绒螯蟹原肌球蛋白的消化稳定性和致敏性的影响。方法 以中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）为原料，采用4种不同热加工方式（蒸煮、超声波结合蒸煮、反压蒸煮、高温高压）对蟹肉进行处理，参照美国药典中模拟胃、肠液消化实验方法，对处理后蟹肉的TM粗蛋白进行体外消化，通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS–PAGE）、免疫印迹（Western blotting）和抑制性酶联免疫吸附测定（Inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，Inhibition ELISA）等技术分析其消化稳定性及消化产物的致敏性。结果 结果显示，与未处理的样品相比，普通蒸煮处理后TM的消化稳定性及致敏性没有明显变化（P>0.05）；超声波结合蒸煮、反压蒸煮以及高温高压处理对TM降解具有明显的促进作用，TM及其消化产物的致敏性也显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 实验中反压蒸煮与高温高压处理对致敏性消减的效果较好。本实验为过敏原消减机制的研究和低致敏性水产品的开发提供了理论依据。     

Experimental investigation of different morphology textured ceramic tools by in-situ formed for the dry cutting

Surface texture is considered an important measure to improve the cutting performance of a tool. In this study, we have prepared three types of textured and conventional tools on the rake face by an in-situ formed method. During the experiment, the best parameters of three types of textured tools were selected for dry cutting AISI 1045 steel at different cutting speeds. Cutting forces, cutting temperatures, workpiece surface roughness, and tool wear were measured during the cutting process. The results showed that textured tools have significantly reduced cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool wear, and the roughness of the workpiece was improved compared with the conventional tool. The micro-pit texture tool has less stress contact region than the micro-groove width texture tool, but the micro-groove width texture tool exhibiting the best cutting performance. This investigation clearly showed that the textured tool prepared by the in-situ formed method has improved cutting performance.     

基于汉风色典的不同色差公式的色差均匀性

为给纺织行业在纺织品贸易和质量控制等方面优选色差公式提供参考,研究了3个重要的和1个最新色差公式的色差均匀性,借助国际上色样多、视觉等距性好的汉风色典,利用X-Rite测色仪测试近2万个色样的色度参数,然后分别从向度、彩度、浓度3个方向选取3万多对相邻色样,采用MatLab编程计算4种色差并统计分析其均值、不匀率和性能因子。结果表明:不同方向不同评价指标所得结果不尽相同;在色差均匀性方面,CAM16-UCS最好,CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)略优于CMC_(2∶1),且二者明显优于CIELAB;在色差大小方面由小到大依次为CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)、CMC_(2∶1)、CAM16-UCS、CIELAB。     

城镇化进程中农村集体资产管理问题探究

农村集体资产管理关系着农村经济的发展,对于社会的稳定和谐也有着重要影响,乡镇政府应加强对集体资产的重视,平衡乡镇改革与资产管理之间的关系,分析农村集体资产管理中存在的一些问题,结合自身的特点,采取有效的措施来促进其发展,加快城镇化农村集体资产管理显得尤为重要。     

Three‐dimensional computational comparison of mini pinned heat sinks using different nanofluids: Part one—the hydraulic‐thermal characteristics

The hydraulic‐thermal characteristics of 3D pinned heat sink designs have been numerically compared as the first part of a three‐part investigation. Five different pin geometries (circular, square, triangular, strip, and elliptic pins) and an unpinned heat sink with three types of nanofluids (Al₂O₃–H₂O, SiO₂–H₂O, and CuO–H₂O) are considered for laminar forced convection. The range of Reynolds number is from 100 to 1000, and volume fractions vary between 0% and 5%. The finite volume method is employed to solve the Navier–Stokes and energy equations by employing a SIMPLE algorithm for a computational solution. Three parameters are presented—the Nusselt number, the bottom temperature, and the hydrothermal performance of the heat sink with pressure drop data. The findings indicated that the overall hydrothermal performance of elliptic‐pinned (EP) heat sinks produces the most substantial value of 3.10 for pure water. For different nanofluids, the SiO₂–water nanofluids with EPs have the most significant hydrothermal performance. Also, this factor is enhanced with an increase in nanofluid concentration up to nearly 3.34 for 5% of SiO₂–water. Consequently, applying the elliptic‐pinned heat sinks is recommended with pure water for considering an increase in the pressure drop, with 5% of SiO₂–water nanofluids, regardless of an enlargement of pressure drop for heat‐dissipation applications.     

冷链运输中不同包装方式对生鲜猪肉品质的比较分析

为了使生鲜肉类能够在冷链运输中保持良好的品质,分别研究了在冷链运输中三种不同包装方式下对生鲜猪肉品质的影响。本实验选取生鲜猪肉为研究对象,通过不同方法分别测定了不同包装方式下生鲜猪肉TVB-N含量、不同包装方式下生鲜猪肉p H值、不同包装环境下菌群数量的变化以及不同包装方式下生鲜猪肉的脂肪氧化程度(TAB)等。通过对这些参数的分析,得到不同包装方式冷链运输中生鲜猪肉品质的具体数据。通过实验分析可知,气调包装方式下生鲜猪肉TVB-N含量均在15mg/100g以下,三种不同包装方式下生鲜猪肉的PH值均在5~7之间,均在合理范围内,气调包装在生鲜猪肉冷链运输中可有效抑制菌群数量变化,菌群数量控制在10~3 CFU/g^10~4 CFU/g之间,而且在冷链运输过程中生鲜猪肉颜色等保持较好;真空包装方式下TBA的最高值为0.45mg/kg,能够效抑制肉类的脂肪氧化。     

不同粒径改性粉煤灰对磷酸根吸附性能的影响

废水排放过量的磷导致水体污染日益严重，将粉煤灰通过化学改性制备成了水化硅酸钙吸附剂，研究了改性吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附效果。利用XRD, SEM及BET比表面积等手段对粒度分级前后的吸附剂进行表征，研究不同粒级吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附性能，并考察其吸附机理。结果表明，不同粒级的吸附剂其化学成分出现了明显的偏析现象，孔隙结构也差异显著。相比其他粒径下的吸附剂颗粒，颗粒粒径在50?75 μm时，吸附剂中钙和硅含量较多，铝、铁和镁含量较低，水化硅酸钙组分含量最高，且伴有含铝的托贝莫来石晶体出现，钙离子的增加使其可以与更多的磷酸根结合形成沉淀。同时此粒径下具有较高的比表面积及孔隙度，疏松多孔的结构为钙离子提供更多活性位点。当使用粒径在50?75 μm的吸附剂吸附磷酸根时，磷的饱和吸附量可达到17.1 mg/g，比未分级的吸附剂高19.58%。     

Designing e-Coordinator for improved teams collaboration in graduation projects

The work presented in this paper describes the design for Graduation Project eCoordination System in our department. The proposed eCoordinator provides effective team–team, supervisor–team and coordinator–supervisors–teams collaboration. eCoordinator is an attribute based framework that serves evolving an object oriented software system into agent oriented software system. Nowadays, agent-oriented software development technologies have evolved rapidly; it is emerging as a new paradigm for constructing intelligent more autonomous software systems. Therefore, several methodologies are available and it is difficult to determine the most appropriate methodology for specific project within different domains. This is especially occurs when re-engineering current object oriented software system. The case study is going to be rebuilding a virtual graduation project coordinator in Information Technology Department at King Saud University.