内禀安全：网络安全能力体系化构建方法

目前主流的网络安全防护体系是外嵌的,安全体系与业务体系分离,安全产品相互孤立,在防护能力上难以高效应对越来越复杂的网络安全挑战。网络安全从外向内进行强基,势在必行。将网络安全的业务场景归纳为组织、厂商、监管和威胁四方视角,各视角具有不同的业务目标。从四方视角的共性和个性出发,系统性归纳网络安全生态的能力需求,提出内禀安全方法论。内禀安全能力是指ICT组件原生支撑监测、防护和溯源等安全功能的能力。内禀安全能力对网络安全具有基础支撑作用,本身不是最终的安全功能实现,与现有的“内生安全”“内设安全”等方法论所针对的问题不同。内禀安全强调网络组件内在的安全赋能禀赋,有两种方式可以发掘这种禀赋,一是通过先天安全能力激活,二是外嵌能力内化,对外在逻辑上表现出自体免疫。此类组件的优势之一在于业务与安全的内聚,能够透明化感知安全态势、定制化配置安全策略、贴身化执行安全保护;优势之二在于将业务功能与安全功能进行合并封装,简化整体工程架构,降低网络管理复杂度。进一步提出了内禀安全支撑能力框架,对符合内禀安全理念的安全能力进行归纳和枚举,将安全支撑能力分为采集、认知、执行、协同和弹复5类,并进一步介绍各类能力的子类型和基础ICT技术。基于该框架,介绍了典型安全业务场景在内禀安全理念下的增强实现。     

A mathematical model for vehicle routing problem under endogenous uncertainty

In this study, a multistage stochastic programming (SP) model is presented for a variant of single-vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands from a dynamic viewpoint. It is assumed that the actual demand of a customer becomes known only when the customer is visited. This problem falls into the category of SP with endogenous uncertainty and hence, the scenario tree is decision-dependent. Therefore, nonanticipativity of decisions is ensured by conditional constraints making up a large portion of total constraints. Thus, a novel approach is proposed that considerably reduces the problem size without any effect on the solution space. Computational results on some test problems are reported.     

Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy via Transporting Endogenous Tumor Antigens to Lymph Nodes Mediated by Nano Fe3O4

While immunotherapy has a tremendous clinical potential to combat cancer, immune responses generated by conventional cancer immunotherapy remain not enough to completely eliminate tumors, mainly due to the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment and heterogeneity of tumor immunogenicity. To improve antitumor immune responses and realize personalized immunotherapy, in this report, endogenous tumor antigens (ETAs) that dynamically present on tumor cells are transported to lymph nodes (LNs). Based on the hypothesis that nano Fe₃O₄ (≈10 nm) could serve as the nanocarrier for transporting ETAs from the tumor to LNs, we wondrously find that Fe₃O₄ has a tremendous potential to improve cancer immunotherapy, because of its excellent protein‐captured efficiency and LNs‐targeted ability. To ensure the optimal ETAs‐bound efficiency of Fe₃O₄, a core–shell formulation (denoted as Ce6/Fe₃O₄‐L) is developed and specific release of Fe₃O₄ in tumor is enabled. These findings provide a simple and general strategy for boosting cytotoxic T‐cell response and realizing personalized cancer immunotherapy simultaneously.     

高管激励机制与绩效内生性关系实证研究——以陕西省上市公司数据为例

随着“委托-代理”的公司经营模式兴起,关于高管激励机制与绩效之间相关关系的研究应运而生．文中在单一方程模型与联立方程模型基础上,运用Eviews软件对陕西省上市公司的数据进行处理,并采用经济附加值（EconomicValueAdded,EVA）作为衡量企业经营绩效的指标,从内生性的视角研究上市公司高管激励机制与绩效之间的关系．结果表明高管激励机制与绩效之间不但存在着正相关关系,而且两者之间存在内生性关系．而对于两者的相互作用机理方面还需要进一步研究．     

Sex Differences and Individual Differences in Cognitive Performance and Their Relationship to Endogenous Gonadal Hormones and Gonadotropins.

Sexually dimorphic cognitive performance in men (n=42) and women (n=42) was related to testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone binding globulin, measured in 10-ml blood samples collected between 0900 and 1030 and, among women, during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Significant sex differences favored men on spatial tasks (Mental Rotation and Judgment of Line Orientation) and on an inhibition task and favored women on a verbal task (category fluency). However, there were no significant relationships between any of the hormones and cognitive performance, suggesting that there are few, if any, consistent, substantial relationships between endogenous, nonfluctuating levels of gonadal hormones or gonadotropins and these cognitive abilities in men or women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Corticosterone Influences on Mammalian Neonatal Sensitive-Period Learning.

Infant rats exhibit sensitive-period odor learning characterized by olfactory bulb neural changes and odor preference acquisitions critical for survival. This sensitive period is coincident with low endogenous corticosterone (CORT) levels and stress hyporesponsivity. The authors hypothesized that low corticosterone levels modulate sensitive-period learning. They assessed the effects of manipulating CORT levels by increasing and removing CORT during (Postnatal Day 8) and after (Postnatal Day 12) the sensitive period. Results show that (a) exogenous CORT prematurely ends sensitive-period odor-shock-induced preferences; (b) adrenalectomy developmentally extends the sensitive period as indicated by odor-shock-induced odor-preference learning in older pups, whereas CORT replacement can reinstate fear learning; and (c) CORT manipulation modulates olfactory bulb correlates of sensitive-period odor learning in a manner consistent with behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

外碳源投量对亚硝酸型反硝化过程N2O释放影响

为实现N_2O的减量化控制或资源化利用,接种普通活性污泥,以乙酸钠和硝酸盐为基质,通过淘洗反硝化聚磷菌,在SBR中以厌氧/缺氧交替运行的方式启动內源反硝化,单周期内约50%的NO-3-N转化为NO-2-N,N_2O释放速率随着亚硝酸的积累逐渐增大,N_2O转化率(释放量占TN去除的比例)为2.04%.在此基础上,分别取缺氧末和厌氧末污泥,对比研究胞内聚合物PHB合成前后,外碳源投加量(碳氮比为0,0.75和2.50)对亚硝酸型反硝化过程N_2O释放特性的影响,结果表明,外碳源存在时,N_2O释放量随总碳源的增加呈略微减少的趋势,转化率在0.24%~1.61%;而当仅利用內源物质进行反硝化时,N_2O的转化率高达15.90%,单位SS最大释放速率达71.29μg/(min·g),释放量是其余条件下的14~26倍.表明单独利用PHB进行亚硝酸型反硝化会大幅增加N_2O的释放.     

原位剩余污泥减量技术的研究进展

日益突出的污泥问题,使实现污泥减量化变得更加迫切．总结了近年来国内外在剩余污泥减量化方面的研究进展,介绍了溶胞-隐性生长、解偶联代谢、维持代谢和生物捕食等原位剩余污泥减量的理论与技术,分析了各种污泥减量技术的特点及其应用情况,并指出了目前剩余污泥减量技术存在的问题和需要进一步研究的工作．