新型在线净化前处理HPLC-MS/MS测定香精香料中的麦角甾醇和麦角甾酮

建立一种新型的在线净化前处理装置结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem with mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)法测定香精香料中的麦角甾醇和麦角甾酮。该前处理装置结合基质分散萃取和柱层析对样品进行萃取和净化,之后对样品进行浓缩并利用HPLC-MS/MS分析测定。HPLC-MS/MS方法以甲醇和水为流动相,0.4 mL/min流速条件下梯度洗脱,采用C_(18)色谱柱进行液相色谱分离,大气压正离子方式电离,多重反应监测模式检测,内标法进行定量分析。结果表明,该方法前处理方便且稳定性强,溶剂可回收,净化萃取浓缩为一体;目标物质麦角甾醇和麦角甾酮能在5 min内得到分离检测,在1.5~250μg/m L范围内具有较好的线性,各待测物的线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.32~0.35μg/mL,在不同添加水平条件下,平均回收率为86%~96%,相对标准偏差在3.1%~3.6%之间。本方法能较好地应用于香精香料实际样品中麦角甾醇和麦角甾酮的测定。     

硫辛酸麦角甾醇酯的制备及抗氧化作用

为改善麦角甾醇的溶解性,通过化学法在常温条件下制备硫辛酸麦角甾醇酯,并研究硫辛酸麦角甾醇酯在油中的抗氧化性。通过单因素试验,确定反应的最佳工艺条件为:以DMAP/EDC/Et_3N为催化剂,麦角甾醇浓度80 mmol/L,硫辛酸:麦角甾醇:DMAP:EDC:Et_3N摩尔比2. 0:1. 0:0. 2:1. 2:1. 5,溶剂二氯甲烷,反应温度25℃,反应时间20h;该条件下最终酯化率可达到91%以上。麦角甾醇硫辛酯在油中的溶解度约为麦角甾醇的2倍,抗氧化效果约为麦角甾醇的1. 5倍。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法与高效液相色谱法同步测定白玉菇麦角固醇和VD_2方法比较

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLCMS/MS)联用法与HPLC法同步检测白玉菇样品中麦角固醇和VD2含量方法,经方法学评价确定两种检测方法的线性范围、灵敏度与精确性。通过对经醇碱皂化回流法提取样品中麦角固醇和VD2的分析验证,阐述两种检测方法的差异性,为白玉菇有效生物活性成分与相关产品的质量检测和对白玉菇中麦角固醇与VD2之间转化关系的研究提供技术支持。HPLC-MS/MS法中,采用色谱分离柱Agilent SB-C8 Rapid Res柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,3.5μm)及在优化的色谱条件下,麦角固醇与VD2之间色谱峰保留时间分别为4.303 min和4.22 min。电喷雾离子源正离子模式下采用多反应选择离子监测模式,分别选择m/z 379.3/125.3与m/z 397.3/125.3离子对麦角固醇与VD2进行定量,结果表明麦角固醇在0.15～6 mg/L、VD2在0.01～1 mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均加标回收率分别为93.51%、90.56%,日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于7%。HPLC法采用COSMOSIL Column 5C18-MS-II(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)柱分离体系,麦角固醇和VD2色谱峰保留时间分别为12.891 min和9.919 min,方法学评价结果显示,麦角固醇在15～750 mg/L、VD2在0.5～50 mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,两者的平均回收率分别为98.51%、94.05%,日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于1%。采集的样品采用HPLC-MS/MS联用法和HPLC法分别检测实验结果有一定的差异,与HPLC法相比,HPLC-MS/MS联用法具有快速检测时间短、检出限低、更灵敏的优势。     

Singlet Oxygen Detection Using Red Wine Extracts as Photosensitizers

Moderate consumption of red wine provides beneficial effects to health. This is attributed to polyphenol compounds present in wine such as resveratrol, quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, and vanillic acid. The amount of these antioxidants is variable; nevertheless, the main beneficial effects of red wine are attributed to resveratrol. However, it has been found that resveratrol and quercetin are able to photosensitize singlet oxygen generation and conversely, gallic acid acts as quencher. Therefore, and since resveratrol and quercetin are some of the most important antioxidants reported in red wines, the aim of this research was to evaluate the photosensitizing ability of 12 red wine extracts through photo‐oxidation of ergosterol. The presence of ¹O₂ was detected by ergosterol conversion into peroxide of ergosterol through ¹H NMR analysis. Our results showed that 10 wine extracts were able to act as photosensitizers in the generation of singlet oxygen. The presence of ¹O₂ can damage other compounds of red wine and cause possible organoleptic alterations. Finally, although the reaction conditions employed in this research do not resemble the inherent conditions in wine making processing or storing, or even during its consumption, this knowledge could be useful to prevent possible pro‐oxidant effects and avoid detrimental effects in red wines.     

Integrative Extraction of Ergosterol, （1→3）-α-D-Glucan and Chitosan from Penicillium chrysogenum Mycelia

Abstract Ergosterol,（1→3）-α-D-glucan and chitosan are important biomaterials. In this research, a process has been developed to integratively extract ergosterol, （1→3）-α-D-glucan, and chitosan from Penicillium chrysongenum mycelium. First the mycelia are pretreated with 0.1mol·L^-1 of NaOH. After recovery by centrifugation the solid portion is made to undergo saponification and deacetylation reactaons by addition of 2mol·L^-1 NaOH and et anol.After reaction, extraction is carried out by addition of petroleum ether, which separates the reaction mixture into two phases. The upper layer of petroleum ether contains extracted ergosterol, and the .bottom layer of NaOH solution contains （1→3）-α-DEglucan; the chitosan is on the mycelia residuum. After isolation, the recovery yield of ergosterol is 0.52% of dry mycelium. That of （1→3）-α-D-glucan is about 8.2%; and chitosan is 5.7% with 86% deacetylation. The compositions have been characterized by 1R, HPLC analyses.     

响应面法优化根霉菌产麦角固醇的液体发酵工艺

以米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae ZW017)发酵产麦角固醇的产量为响应值,对其液体发酵工艺进行优化。采用HPLC法检测菌株产麦角固醇含量,在单因素筛选试验基础上,以PDB液体发酵培养为基础条件,应用响应面分析法(RSM)对碳源、氮源及发酵时间进行优化。结果表明:以葡萄糖、酵母膏分别为最佳碳、氮源;最佳工艺条件为:PDB基础培养基中添加葡萄糖3g/L、酵母膏5g/L、发酵培养9.64d,麦角固醇平均产量达5761.83μg/100mL,较优化前提高了247.86%,与构建模型理论预测值(5818.39μg/100mL)相吻合,且100mL液体培养基中麦角固醇产量占菌体细胞干质量(0.36g)的1.60%。     

α-松油醇对指状青霉抑霉唑抗性菌株Pdw03的抑制作用

本研究探讨了α-松油醇对指状青霉抑霉唑抗性菌株Pdw03的抑制作用及其抑菌机理。体外实验结果表明α-松油醇抑制Pdw03生长的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（minimal fungicidal concentration,MFC）均为4.00 μL/mL;体内实验研究发现MFC和5 MFC α-松油醇可明显降低接种Pdw03椪柑果实的绿霉病发病率和发病直径;碘化丙啶（propidium iodide,PI）染色实验发现,经1/2 MIC α-松油醇处理后,Pdw03的细胞膜完整性降低,麦角固醇含量显著降低（P＜0.05）,麦角固醇合成相关基因ERG9表达量显著下调（P＜0.05）。综上,α-松油醇通过抑制ERG9基因的表达影响菌株Pdw03的生长,可作为采后柑橘病害防治的有效替代品。     

精酿啤酒酿造中存在的乙醇胁迫问题及对策

精酿啤酒麦汁浓度高、酒精度高、浓烈香郁,越来越受到啤酒爱好者的青睐,是我国啤酒酿造的新兴重要领域。但是较高浓度的乙醇对酵母的胁迫危害已经成为制约精酿啤酒高酒精度发酵的瓶颈。该文阐述了国内外精酿啤酒发展现状,指出了精酿啤酒的乙醇胁迫问题。结合酿酒酵母乙醇耐受机理研究进展从乙醇耐受菌株选育,发酵过程中增加海藻糖浓度、提高麦角甾醇含量、添加氮源4个方面探讨了解决精酿啤酒乙醇胁迫问题的对策,为精酿啤酒的高酒精度酿造提供了思路和方法。     

分子对接和荧光光谱法研究麦角甾醇与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用分子荧光光谱实验法和分子对接理论研究麦角甾醇与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)的相互作用。荧光光谱实验结果表明:麦角甾醇能猝灭BSA的内源性荧光,其猝灭类型为静态猝灭;通过考察猝灭过程中热力学函数的变化初步推断麦角甾醇与BSA的结合是自发的熵增过程,驱动力主要为疏水相互作用。运用分子对接技术研究了麦角甾醇与BSA的相互作用,结果表明:麦角甾醇与BSA相结合,主要的作用力类型为疏水相互作用;并获得了麦角甾醇在BSA中的作用位点,麦角甾醇处在一个疏水性的结合口袋中,结合稳定性强。荧光光谱的实验结果与分子对接的理论结果总体上一致,说明结合过程是一个自发的过程,BSA可以携带和运输麦角甾醇,同时从分子对接中获得了麦角甾醇在BSA中详细的结合位点和结合模式。