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As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.  相似文献   
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Wastewater treatment consists of three or four sequential stages: preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each stage can comprise multiple alternative technologies that can perform the same tasks with different efficiencies, operating times, and costs. Thus, we propose a systematic approach for designing wastewater treatment networks by utilizing principles of mathematical modeling and generating an exhaustive enumeration of all the possible technologies and their connections during the early stages of designing a treatment facility. Some of these structures are nonintuitive and include recycling, reprocessing, bypasses, and multiple technologies in parallel or series to remove the same contaminant. The nonintuitive structures with multiple technologies may provide a measure of resilience compared to typical heuristic designs. Thus, the combination of P-graph methodology and the sequence of treatment technologies predicted via the optimization algorithm from the maximal structure is based on holistic considerations and does not lead to suboptimal solutions.  相似文献   
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研究有氧运动联合补充D-核糖对小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化酶活性的影响,将小鼠分为安静对照组、有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组。有氧运动组进行每周进行6 d的有氧跑台训练,D-核糖组每日每只灌胃2 mL核糖(300 mg/100 g),通过12周的规律性有氧跑台训练后,建立小鼠负重游泳抗疲劳动物模型,分别记录小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,并测定小鼠体内肝糖原(hepaticr glycogen,HG)、肌糖原(muscle glycogen,MG)、血糖(blood glucose)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血乳酸( bloodlactic acid,BLA)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物歧化酶(glutathione peroxide dismutase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)等活力。结果表明,与安静对照组相比,有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组小鼠负重游泳时间显著增加(P<0.05),同时显著提高了小鼠体内肝糖原、肌糖原和血糖含量(P<0.05),并降低了体内血尿素氮和血乳酸含量(P<0.05)。另外,其抗氧化活性结果表明,与安静对照组相比,有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组的T-AOC均增强,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性也都显著升高(P<0.05),MDA则显著降低(P<0.05)。说明长期规律的有氧运动联合补充D-核糖能显著提高机体内肝糖原、肌糖原、血糖含量和氧化应激能力,提高机体抗疲劳作用。  相似文献   
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While exercise training (ET) is an efficient strategy to manage obesity, it is recommended with a dietary plan to maximize the antiobesity functions owing to a compensational increase in energy intake. Capsiate is a notable bioactive compound for managing obesity owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure. We aimed to examine whether the antiobesity effects of ET can be further enhanced by capsiate intake (CI) and determine its effects on resting energy expenditure and metabolic molecules. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and fed high-fat diet. Mild-intensity treadmill ET was conducted five times/week; capsiate (10 mg/kg) was orally administered daily. After 8 weeks, resting metabolic rate and metabolic molecules were analyzed. ET with CI additively reduced the abdominal fat rate by 18% and solely upregulated beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue (p = 0.013) but did not affect the metabolic molecules in skeletal muscles. Surprisingly, CI without ET significantly increased the abdominal fat rate (p = 0.001) and reduced energy expenditure by 9%. Therefore, capsiate could be a candidate compound for maximizing the antiobesity effects of ET by upregulating beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue, but CI without ET may not be beneficial in managing obesity.  相似文献   
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In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. The heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex catalyses the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle, the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, and thus secures the provision of pyruvic acid. In addition, we modify Krebs’ original concept by feeding the cycle with oxaloacetic acid. Our concept enables the integration of anabolic processes and allows adaption of the organism to recover ATP faster.  相似文献   
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Many occupations require standing for prolonged periods, which can be a major contributor to musculoskeletal problems and cause disturbances in different parts of the body, especially the lower back and lower extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of custom‐made insoles and exercise training on the lower limb and lower back discomfort in workers on a production line at a rubber tire factory. One hundred male workers (mean age 35.96 years, work experience of 10.62 years, standing time 6.58 hr) participated in this randomized controlled trial. The men were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (a) custom‐made insole plus lower limb exercises, (b) insoles only, (c) lower limb exercises only, and (d) no intervention. Discomfort level was recorded with a visual analog scale and a body map. The data were analyzed with analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference in discomfort levels between groups in the lower back (p = .001), thigh (p = .001), and knee (p = .001) areas. The combined insole and exercise group had less discomfort in the lower back, thigh, and knee. In the group that used the insole only without exercises, the discomfort level in the lower back area was reduced. The results indicate that the simultaneous use of insoles and exercises might be an effective intervention to reduce discomfort in the lower limbs and lower back in workers who remain standing for prolonged periods.  相似文献   
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肌酸(creatine)是脊椎动物体内自然存在的一种含氮类有机酸。补充肌酸能够通过调节体内磷酸肌酸水解、糖代谢和蛋白表达等方式来增加糖原的储存、提高ATP的生成、增强肌细胞的酸碱缓冲能力以及刺激肌细胞增殖,从而能够预防运动损伤、改善运动表现、提升训练适应性和加快运动后康复。自从1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上,英国短跑运动员克利斯提通过服用肌酸提高运动能力,并夺得百米冠军后,欧美运动员开始广泛的在运动和训练时服用肌酸,到1996年亚特兰大奥运会,已有60%以上的短跑运动员服用肌酸。对于从事剧烈运动训练的高水平运动员而言,需要每天摄入5-10 g肌酸以维持最佳的全身肌酸储备量,从而保持最佳的运动和训练效果。本文详细综述了肌酸的作用机制、补充肌酸对运动能力的影响、补充肌酸的安全性以及肌酸类运动营养品的使用人群、产品种类、补充策略和相关标准法规等。  相似文献   
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