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1.
This study evaluated the direct effect of a phytochemical, hesperidin, on pre-osteoblast cell function as well as osteogenesis and collagen matrix quality, as there is little known about hesperidin’s influence in mineralized tissue formation and regeneration. Hesperidin was added to a culture of MC3T3-E1 cells at various concentrations. Cell proliferation, viability, osteogenic gene expression and deposited collagen matrix analyses were performed. Treatment with hesperidin showed significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, particularly with lower doses. Mature and compact collagen fibrils in hesperidin-treated cultures were observed by picrosirius red staining (PSR), although a thinner matrix layer was present for the higher dose of hesperidin compared to osteogenic media alone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated a better mineral-to-matrix ratio and matrix distribution in cultures exposed to hesperidin and confirmed less collagen deposited with the 100-µM dose of hesperidin. In vivo, hesperidin combined with a suboptimal dose of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (dose unable to promote healing of a rat mandible critical-sized bone defect) in a collagenous scaffold promoted a well-controlled (not ectopic) pattern of bone formation as compared to a large dose of BMP2 (previously defined as optimal in healing the critical-sized defect, although of ectopic nature). PSR staining of newly formed bone demonstrated that hesperidin can promote maturation of bone organic matrix. Our findings show, for the first time, that hesperidin has a modulatory role in mineralized tissue formation via not only osteoblast cell differentiation but also matrix organization and matrix-to-mineral ratio and could be a potential adjunct in regenerative bone therapies.  相似文献   
2.
科学家已经研究获得了大量的蛋白质/多肽潜在生物标志物,这些生物标志物需要经过验证和确证才能进一步转化到临床应用。针对蛋白质/多肽的绝对定量研究在标志物验证和确证过程中起到关键作用。传统的蛋白质定量方法,如酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术存在蛋白质抗体难以获得、不同抗体批次之间存在差异、基于抗体的检测存在交叉反应等问题。近年来,随着质谱仪器性能的提升,质谱法已经广泛应用于蛋白质大分子以及代谢物小分子定量研究领域,基于质谱法的蛋白质/多肽定量方法也得到发展,其中靶向蛋白质组学技术,如SRM/MRM、PRM和MRM3技术结合标准品可对目标蛋白质/多肽进行精确多重定量。因此,基于靶向质谱法的蛋白质/肽段绝对定量的策略应运而生。根据标准品不同,质谱绝对定量方法包括基于合成肽段、基于合成完整蛋白以及基于标记试剂。本文详细介绍了基于质谱法的蛋白质/多肽绝对定量策略的研究进展,对比各种策略的优势和限制,总结其在生物医学研究领域的应用。同时,还总结了目前蛋白质绝对定量面临的挑战,并根据已有研究报道对提高定量的精确度,促进蛋白质/多肽定量技术向临床转化提出建议,包括对标准品肽段的选择、处理、储存,标准曲线的建立,以及对整个流程严格的质控方法。  相似文献   
3.
4.
Soybean oil hydrogenation alters the linolenic acid molecule to prevent the oil from becoming rancid, however, health reports have indicated trans-fat caused by hydrogenation, is not generally regarded as safe. Typical soybeans contain approximately 80 g kg−1 to 120 g kg−1 linolenic acid and 240 g kg−1 of oleic acid. In an effort to accommodate the need for high-quality oil, the United Soybean Board introduced an industry standard for a high oleic acid greater than 750 g kg−1 and linolenic acid less than 30 g kg−1 oil. By combing mutations in the soybean plant at four loci, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B, oleate desaturase genes and FAD3A and FAD3C, linoleate desaturase genes, and seed oil will not require hydrogenation to prevent oxidation and produce high-quality oil. In 2017 and 2018, a study comparing four near-isogenic lines across multiple Tennessee locations was performed to identify agronomic traits associated with mutations in FAD3A and FAD3C loci, while holding FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B constant in the mutant (high oleic) state. Soybean lines were assessed for yield and oil quality based on mutations at FAD2-1 and FAD3 loci. Variations of wild-type and mutant genotypes were compared at FAD3A and FAD3C loci. Analysis using a generalized linear mixed model in SAS 9.4, indicated no yield drag or other negative agronomic traits associated with the high oleic and low linolenic acid genotype. All four mutations of fad2-1A, fad2-1B, fad3A, and fad3C were determined as necessary to produce a soybean with the new industry standard (>750 g kg−1 oleic and <30 g kg−1 linolenic acid) in a maturity group-IV-Late cultivar for Tennessee growers.  相似文献   
5.
邓雪 《中国油脂》2021,46(12):21-25
为了促进油茶产业的发展以及开发新的蛋白胶黏剂,以油茶籽蛋白为原料(蛋白质含量36%,纤维含量15%),采用碱(NaOH)对其进行降解处理,并与交联剂混合作为胶黏剂应用于胶合板的热压中。考察了NaOH加量对油茶籽蛋白水解度和降解液甲醛反应能力、黏度和胶黏剂胶合性能的影响,并对降解前后油茶籽蛋白进行了红外表征。结果表明:NaOH可使油茶籽蛋白有效降解,并产生活性基团和活性点;随着NaOH加量的增加,油茶籽蛋白水解度和降解液甲醛反应能力呈先急剧增加后缓慢增加的趋势,降解液黏度呈先增加后急剧减小再缓慢减小的趋势;所制备的胶合板的湿状胶合强度总体呈先增加后减小的变化趋势。NaOH加量为7%时,油茶籽蛋白降解液具有较高的反应活性、较大的内聚强度、较好的施胶性能和优良的胶合性能。  相似文献   
6.
为改善豌豆分离蛋白应用特性,扩大其在食品工业的应用。该文采用研磨干法处理豌豆分离蛋白,研究其持水性、持油性、泡沫特性、乳化性能、凝胶性能等应用特性变化;并根据研磨后豌豆分离蛋白结构特征,分析研磨对应用特性的影响机理。结果表明:研磨对豌豆分离蛋白形态结构及亲水性基团产生了显著影响,进而影响了豌豆分离蛋白应用特性。研磨时间为7.5 min时,持水性提高了37.4%,起泡性提高了20.83%,且持油性、乳化性和凝胶性为最佳;亲水性也得到了明显改善。  相似文献   
7.
以罗非鱼和大豆为原料分别提取鱼分离蛋白(fish protein isolate,FPI)和大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI),制备罗非鱼蛋白-大豆蛋白(FPI∶SPI=1∶1,质量比)热诱导凝胶,探讨pH值(6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5)对混合蛋白热凝胶特性和体外消化性的影响。结果表明:pH 6.5时罗非鱼蛋白-大豆蛋白混合蛋白热凝胶储能模量G′值大于单一蛋白,凝胶特性最好,硬度和胶黏性相比FPI都得到提升。pH值会影响蛋白质与水分子的结合能力,混合蛋白热凝胶的持水性在pH 6.5时比其它pH值条件下强(P<0.05),达到最大值84.02%,与扫描电镜结果一致,网络结构致密且光滑平整。pH 6.5时,混合蛋白热凝胶的消化率达91.57%,高于其它pH值下的消化率(P<0.05)。因此,通过调节pH值可以改善FPI和SPI混合蛋白热凝胶的凝胶特性和消化性。  相似文献   
8.
以玉米粉作为主要原料,利用蛹虫草固态发酵同时生产多糖和纤溶酶。以多糖含量和纤溶酶活力为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了蛹虫草固态发酵培养基和培养条件。结果表明:培养基由玉米粉和麸皮构成,比例为18:2(g/g),料水比例1:1(m/V),接入6%(V/m)蛹虫草液体菌种,23℃发酵时间3 d。在优化条件下获得浸提液中的胞外多糖含量为3.23 mg/mL,纤溶酶在血纤维蛋白平板上形成的溶圈面积为169.34 mm2。研究结果为生产蛹虫草功能食品基料提供了基础。  相似文献   
9.
The anoctamin (TMEM16) family of transmembrane protein consists of ten members in vertebrates, which act as Ca2+-dependent ion channels and/or Ca2+-dependent scramblases. ANO4 which is primarily expressed in the CNS and certain endocrine glands, has been associated with various neuronal disorders. Therefore, we focused our study on prioritizing missense mutations that are assumed to alter the structure and stability of ANO4 protein. We employed a wide array of evolution and structure based in silico prediction methods to identify potentially deleterious missense mutations in the ANO4 gene. Identified pathogenic mutations were then mapped to the modeled human ANO4 structure and the effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Our data show that the G80A and A500T mutations significantly alter the stability of the mutant proteins, thus providing new perspective on the role of missense mutations in ANO4 gene. Results obtained in this study may help to identify disease associated mutations which affect ANO4 protein structure and function and might facilitate future functional characterization of ANO4.  相似文献   
10.
Understanding the ligandability of a target protein, defined as the capability of a protein to bind drug-like compounds on any site, can give important stimuli to drug-development projects. For instance, inhibition of protein–protein interactions usually depends on the identification of protein surface binders. DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) allow scanning of protein surfaces with large chemical space. Encoded library selection screens uncovered several protein–protein interaction inhibitors and compounds binding to the surface of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and kinases. The protein surface-binding chemotypes from DELs are predominantly chemically modified and cyclized peptides, and functional small-molecule peptidomimetics. Peptoid libraries and structural peptidomimetics have been less studied in the DEL field, hinting at hitherto less populated chemical space and suggesting alternative library designs. Roughly a third of bioactive molecules evolved from smaller, target-focused libraries. They showcase the potential of encoded libraries to identify more potent molecules from weak, for example, fragment-like, starting points.  相似文献   
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