生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形

生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰，其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分，确定草木灰的肥料特征，通过添加NH₄H₂PO₄使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸（30%水溶液）作为复合肥的黏结剂，应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒，以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律，通过分析植物的形态及生理指标，进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明：最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃，聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用，并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染，在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎，纯草木灰肥效低等问题。     

The effect of fertilizer nitrogen input to grass-clover swards and calving date on the productivity of pasture-based dairy production

The objective of this systems-scale study was to investigate grazing season timeframes on pasture and milk production and on milk processability of dairy systems with compact spring-calving dairy cows grazing white clover (Trifolium repens L.) based grassland. Fifty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in a one-factor study with 3 systems (n = 18) and repeated over 2 yr (2008/09 and 2009/10). The 3 systems were: early spring calving with annual fertilizer N input of 100 kg·ha^?1 applied in spring (ES100N; 2.1 cows·ha^?1; grazing February to November), early spring calving without fertilizer N (ES0N; 1.6 cows·ha^?1; grazing February to November) and late spring calving without fertilizer N (LS0N; 1.53 cows·ha^?1; grazing April to January). Annual pasture production was affected by an interaction between grazing system and year: Mean annual pasture yields for 2008 and 2009 were ES100N; 10.35 and 9.88, ES0N; 8.88 and 8.63, LS0N; 9.18 and 10.31 t of dry matter (DM)·ha^?1 (SEM 0.39). LS0N had higher pasture DM yield in 2009 due to higher clover DM production and biological N fixation compared with the other systems. Clover stolon and root mass in the following February was correlated with stolon and root mass in the previous November with 64% of stolon mass present on LS0N in February (R² = 0.84). There were no detectable differences in per-lactation milk yield (6,335 kg·cow^?1), fat, protein and lactose yields (271, 226, 297 kg·cow^?1, respectively), cow liveweight (585 kg) or body condition score (3.02). Although winter grazing favored subsequent clover DM production, biological N fixation and pasture DM production, delaying calving date in spring and extending lactation into the following winter led to inefficient use of this pasture by the grazing herd and lowered the quality of late-lactation milk for processing purposes. Hence, a mean calving date in mid- to late-February is recommended for zero-fertilizer N input clover-based grassland.     

解磷细菌肥对烤烟磷素吸收和磷肥利用率的影响

为探究解磷细菌肥对烤烟磷素吸收和磷肥利用率的影响，以云烟87为供试品种，设置解磷细菌肥（0、75 kg/hm²）与磷肥（0、1250 kg/hm²）的双因素随机区组试验，分析了烤烟根际土壤有效磷、微生物、根系活力、干物质积累量和各器官磷素吸收的变化。结果表明，解磷细菌肥配施磷肥可极显著提高烤烟根际土壤有效磷含量，显著提高烤烟根际土壤可培养细菌数量，提高烤烟根际土壤微生物AWCD，极显著提高土壤微生物对碳水化合物、氨基酸和胺类碳源的利用能力，改变微生物群落碳源代谢特征；显著提高了烤烟根系活力，促进了干物质量积累和磷素吸收，磷肥利用率显著提高了4.89%。     

Carbonaceous microsphere-based superabsorbent polymer as filler for coating of NPK fertilizer: Fabrication,properties, swelling,and nitrogen release characteristics

Recently, the use of controlled release fertilizers in agriculture has resulted in huge benefits in plant growth and cultivation. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-coated fertilizers have the added advantage in retaining water in soil after irrigation and also reduce the nutrient release rate from soil in a controlled manner. This study aimed to produce a nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer coated with superabsorbent carbonaceous microspheres polymer (SPC) by inverse suspension polymerization method with water-retention and controlled release properties. Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) three different weight percentages and (2) different materials. NPK coated with SPC showed increasing water-retention ability with respect to carbon microsphere percentages and retains >80% water at the 30th day of experiment compared with pure NPK and NPK coated with SAP. The slow release behavior of all samples was investigated by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry spectrometry and results showed that NPK coated with SAP and SPC has a low release rate with <50% nutrient release compared with uncoated NPK at the 30th day. The release mechanism kinetics of NPK coated with SAP and SPC were studied based on the Kosmeyer–Peppas model. The mechanisms approached Fickian diffusion-controlled release as the n value for both samples was less than 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48396.     

我国积极破解钾盐矿资源短缺迷局

本文介绍了钾肥的应用范围,阐述了我国钾盐的生产情况、需求空间和对进口的依赖程度,重点介绍了我国主要的钾盐资源和泰国、老挞、俄罗斯等周边国家的钾盐资源.最后提出了要充分利用国内外＂两种资源、两个市场＂,建立起我国强有力的钾肥资源保障体系,保障我国农村的可持续发展.     

钾长石制取钾肥的研究进展及前景

简要介绍了我国和世界钾盐资源的分布及钾的供需状况,以及缓解我国缺钾局面的主要途径;着重论述了钾长石制钾肥的研究进展;最后阐述了钾长石提钾中存在的问题及发展前景。     

复合肥高塔工艺溶液温度自动控制研究

通过研究复合肥高塔工艺溶液温度的控制规律,使溶液温度的控制方式由手动控制改为自动控制,提高了工艺稳定度,降低了人员需求。     

一种微量元素螯合铜盐的制备研究

利用乙二胺四乙酸和乙二胺四乙酸二钠对微量元素铜进行了螯合试验,试验结果表明,最佳螯合条件为:温度80~100℃,反应时间1~1.5 h,螯合剂与Cu2+摩尔比为1∶1,该条件下螯合率达98%以上,螯合物在180℃时性状稳定。此外,定性实验结果表明反应液中不存在游离态的Cu2+,说明螯合剂与Cu2+完全螯合。确立了最佳工艺和制备技术,并讨论了温度、螯合比等条件对螯合反应的影响。     

一种硅钙钾肥中硅溶出行为的研究

利用单因素法和正交设计法,研究pH、振荡温度和振荡时间对新型硅钙钾肥中硅溶出的影响,并模拟植物吸收养分,测定硅的累积溶出率,验证了其中硅的缓释性。     

溶解结晶法制备磷酸一铵水溶肥

选取肥料级磷酸一铵为原料,采取溶解、除杂、一次蒸干或者浓缩重结晶的方法制得磷酸一铵水溶肥,通过讨论各工艺条件的影响,确定了较优的工艺条件:溶解温度96℃、溶解时间30 min、溶质过量1.1倍、沉降(60 min)+真空过滤。产品w(N+P2O5)≥60%,满足水溶肥料化工行业标准HG/T 4365—2012。此法开辟了粉状磷酸一铵新的用途,为於渣酸料浆法生产磷酸一铵水溶肥提供除杂依据和工艺参考。