Dough mixing and breadmaking properties of quinoa-wheat flour blends

Flour blends of quinoa-wheat containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of manually dehulled quinoa meal or flour were evaluated for dough mixing and breadmaking properties and liking of the bread by a small panel. Increasing amounts of quinoa meal or flour increased farinograph absorption and dislike of bread for most of the panel. Dough development time increased with increase in meal but decreased with increase in quinoa flour. At 10% inclusion levels differences in liking from control 100% wheat flour bread were smaller for flour or water extracted meal to most of the panel, than with 10% non-extracted meal. This suggests that 10% inclusion of flour or water extracted meal may have potential for further investigation.     

Frying quality and stability of low-and ultra-low-linolenic acid soybean oils

To determine effects of very low levels of linolenic acid on frying stabilities of soybean oils, tests were conducted with 2% (low) linolenic acid soybean oil (LLSBO) and 0.8% (ultra-low) linolenic acid soybean oil (ULLSBO) in comparison with cottonseed oil (CSO). Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h of oil use. No significant differences were found for either total polar compounds or FFA between samples of LLSBO and ULLSBO; however, CSO had significantly higher percentage of polar compounds and FFA than the soybean oils at all sampling times. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (1, 3, 5, and 7 wk at 25°C) potato chips showed some differences between potato chips fried in different oil types. Sensory panel judges reported that potato chips fried in ULLSBO and aged for 3 or 7 wk at 25°C had significantly lower intensities of fishy flavor than did potato chips fried in LLSBO with the same conditions. Potato chips fried in ULLSBO that had been used for 5 h and then aged 7 wk at 25°C had significantly better quality than did potato chips fried 5 h in LLSBO and aged under the same conditions. Hexanal was significantly higher in the 5-h LLSBO sample than in potato chips fried 5 h in ULLSBO. The decrease in linolenic acid from 2 to 0.8% in the oils improved flavor quality and oxidative stability of some of the potato chip samples.     

Addition of ferulic acid,ethyl ferulate,and feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols to salad oils and frying oils

To determine antioxidative effects of ferulic acid and esterified ferulic acids, these compounds were added to soybean oils (SBO), which were evaluated for oxidative stability and frying stability. Additives included feruloylated MAG and DAG (FMG/FDG), ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and TBHQ. After frying tests with potato chips, oils were analyzed for retention of additives and polar compounds. Chips were evaluated for hexanal and rancid odor. After 15 h frying, 71% of FMG/FDG was retained, whereas 55% of ethyl ferulate was retained. TBHQ and ferulic acid levels were 6% and <1%, respectively. Frying oils with ethyl ferulate or TBHQ produced significantly less polar compounds than SBO with no additives. Chips fried in SBO with TBHQ or ferulic acid had significantly lower amounts of hexanal and significantly less rancid odor after 8 d at 60°C than other samples. Oils were also aged at 60°C, and stability was analyzed by PV, hexanal, and rancid odor. Oils with TBHQ or FMG/FDG had significantly less peroxides and hexanal, and a lower rancid odor intensity than the control. FMG/FDG inhibited deterioration at 60°C, whereas ethyl ferulate inhibited the formation of polar compounds in frying oil. Ferulic acid acted as an antioxidant in aged fried food. TBHQ inhibited oil degradation at both temperatures. Presented at the 94th AOCS Meeting & Expo, Kansas City, MO, May 4–7, 2003.     

面皮快餐食品工业化生产的调查及工艺研究

通过对面皮传统手工制作工艺的调查分析,提出了面皮工业化生产的工艺和方法,进而对面皮作为方便快餐食品的开发进行了论述。利用先前开发的面皮机和小麦淀粉厂的有关设备,进行了中试试验,在此基础上提出了有关工艺和经济技术指标。     

超声波协同氯化钙对油炸猪肉片嫩度和感官品质的影响

探讨不同超声波强度协同不同浓度Ca Cl2溶液对油炸猪肉片的嫩度和感官品质的影响。以质构、剪切力、水分含量、感官评定为测定指标,肉片经预处理、挂糊、油炸、冷却、复炸后测定肉制品的各个指标。结果表明:单独使用超声波或氯化钙对肉片的嫩度、水分含量、感官影响都不明显,超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%对肉片质构影响最大,硬度下降了34%,粘度增加40%;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%实验组的肉片剪切力比对照组下降了10.61N;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%的肉片水分含量增加23.31%;超声强度200w/m2协同Ca Cl25%感官评定的总分最高为62分。     

小麦粉面包烘烤品质指标的研究 Ⅰ.逐步回归分析筛选关键性指标

本实验应用逐步回归方法研究了河南50个小麦品种(系)的面包烘烤品质各指标间的关系,结果表明:面包评分、体积和比容均是评价面包品质优劣的综合性指标。和体积,比容相比较,以面包评分和烘烤品质各指标建立的回归方程具有更高的F值,复相关系数也较高。用面包评分代表面包烘烤品质可能较体积和比容更可靠更稳定。面包评分可看作是评价值和粉力二者综合作用的结果。     

热烫温度对小麦面团介观特性的影响机制

本实验以热烫面团为研究对象,通过凯氏定氮法、粒径分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及快速黏度分析等手段,研究55、65、75、85℃和95℃热烫温度下小麦面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体的质量分数、粒径分布、蛋白质二级结构以及面团中淀粉的糊化特性的变化情况.结果表明:随着热烫温度的升高,面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体质量分数呈现显著增大的趋势(P<...     

葡萄糖氧化酶对小麦粉品质的影响研究

应用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、动态流变仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及液相色谱(LC)研究了葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对小麦粉糊化特性、动态流变学性质、面团微结构及面筋中氨基酸的影响.研究表明:添加25、50和75 mg/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的面糊的峰值黏度和最终黏度降低,衰减值增大.添加葡萄糖氧化酶的面团弹性模量(G′)和黏性模量(G″)增加.在给定频率下,面团弹性模量大于黏性模量;添加葡萄糖氧化酶面团面筋网络结构增强,淀粉颗粒镶嵌于面筋网络;面筋蛋白质氨基酸含量发生变化.     

酵母和加工条件对冷冻面团生产的影响

综述了酵母和加工条件对冷冻面团生产的影响,介绍了如何通过选择酵母种类、改善配方、改进制作方法及控制冷冻解冻条件等来改善冷冻面团的稳定性.     

加水温度对莜麦面团水分分布状态和质构特性的影响

烫熟是莜麦传统特色食品制作的重要步骤,对产品品质影响显著.利用低场核磁共振技术得到莜麦面团的水分分布状态,采用食品物性仪测得莜麦面团的质构特性参数,研究了加水温度对莜麦面团水分分布状态和质构特性的影响.结果表明:当加水温度由70 ℃升高至90 ℃时,莜麦面团中弱结合水和自由水与底物的结合程度增加,弱结合水向自由水方向迁...