Aplysia sea hare assimilation of secondary metabolites from brown seaweed,Stypopodium zonale

JuvenileAplysia dactylomela were found feeding in abundance on the tropical brown algaStypopodium zonale, a seaweed previously shown to contain numerous unique terpene-quinone natural products. Lipid extracts of these herbivorous mollusks were shown by TLC and HPLC-NMR analyses to contain appreciable quantities of twoS. zonale metabolites as well as one new but closely related compound. Spectroscopic analyses of the new compound in concert with functional group modifications identified this new compound as 3-keto epitaondiol. A careful analysis of the seaweed extract failed to locate this ketone, and thus, it most likely represents anAplysia-biotransformed compound. This is the first clear reported observation of metabolite transfer between an alga of the phylum Phaeophyta and a sea hare.     

Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake,early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger,West Africa

In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed^–1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed^–1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed^–1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet.     

Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

板栗壳棕色素的提取及理化性质研究

研究了板栗壳棕色素的提取及其理化性质。实验结果表明,该色素对光,热稳定性很好,具有一定的应用开发价值。     

玉米黄酒发酵条件的优化

以玉米碴为原料,分别选用UV－48黑曲霉和啤酒酵母为发酵菌种,通过对接种量、培养温度、pH值以及发酵周期的研究,确定以玉米为原料制作黄酒的最佳发酵条件为：最适接种量为糖化菌10％,酵母菌1％;最适发酵温度为15－18℃;最适pH值为4.5-5.5,最适发酵周期为16－19d。     

糙米被玉米象感染后其储藏品质变化研究

以粳糙米为材料,设定不同的虫口密度,检测不同感染时间糙米的降落数值、脂肪酸值、POD等储藏品质指标,采用SPSS等方法分析虫口密度和感染时间对糙米储藏品质的影响.结果表明:随着虫口密度的增加和侵染时间的延长,脂肪酸值上升,降落数值下降;POD活性在前50 d无明显规律,50 d后迅速下降;虫口密度超过100头/300 g时,30 d后脂肪酸、降落数值就发生剧烈变化;不同虫口密度感染的糙米样品,其降落数值、脂肪酸值在不同感染时间呈现显著差异性;降落数值与虫口密度和感染时间呈显著负相关,脂肪酸值与虫口密度和感染时间呈显著正相关,POD与感染时间负相关.     

浅谈300MW“W”火焰锅炉掺烧褐煤后的优化调整

为进一步降低发电成本,全面提高电厂的经济效益,针对300MW＂W＂型电厂锅炉的特性,以及锅炉在燃用高挥发份褐煤所表现出来的技术特点,本文提出了合理的配烧方式以及在掺配后优化调整措施,经过一年多的实践掺烧取得了良好的效果,不但保证了锅炉安全运行,而且大大提高了机组的经济效益。     

130t/h褐煤锅炉燃烧系统设计要点分析

对通辽发电总厂和赤峰热电厂设计褐煤的燃烧和结渣特性进行了分析,通过采用合适的炉膛断面热负荷、燃烧器区域热负荷及双调节煤粉浓缩燃烧技术对燃烧系统进行设计。投产后两台锅炉达到50%负荷不投油稳燃,同时有效防止了炉内和喷口结渣。     

褐煤树脂醇类化学组成与分布特征

对云南潦浒及寻甸褐煤树脂中醇类化学成分进行了GC-MS研究，探索褐煤树脂醇类作为药用资源的可能性．实验结果表明，树脂醇由正构烷醇、正构酮(甲基酮)、甾醇类、五环三萜醇及五环三萜酮所组成．褐煤树脂醇中均存在24-甲基-5β(H)-胆甾烷-3β-醇(C28H50O，MW．402)，24-乙基胆甾-5，22-二烯-3β-醇(C29H48O，MW．412)，24-乙基-5α(H)-胆甾烷-3β-醇(C29H52O，MW．416)，23，24-二甲基胆甾-5-烯一3β-醇(C29H50O，MW．414)，C29-5β(H)，3β(OH)-甾醇(C29H52O，MW．416)，24-异丙基胆甾-5，24(28)E-二烯-3β-醇(C30H50O，MW．426)等甾类物质．化学组成表明褐煤树脂作为药用资源是可能的．