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1.
The development of cost-effective bifunctional catalysts with excellent performance and good stability is of great significance for overall water splitting. In this work, NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets are prepared on nickel foam by hydrothermal method, and then Ni2P(O)–Fe2P(O)/CeOx nanosheets are in situ synthesized by electrodeposition and phosphating on NiFe LDHs. The obtained self-supporting Ni2P(O)–Fe2P(O)/CeOx exhibit excellent catalytic performances in alkaline solution due to more active sites and fast electron transport. When the current density is 10 mA cm?2, the overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are 75 mV and 268 mV, respectively. In addition, driven by two Ni2P(O)–Fe2P(O)/CeOx electrodes, the alkaline battery can reach 1.45 V at 10 mA cm?2.  相似文献   
2.
Electrolysis of water for producing hydrogen instead of traditional fossil fuels is one of the most promising methods to alleviate environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, Fe and F ion co-doped Ni3S2 nanoarrays grown on Ni foam substrate were prepared by typical hydrothermal and sulfuration processes for the first time. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that the adsorption energy of the material to water is greatly enhanced due to the doping of F and Fe, which is conducive to the formation of intermediate species and the improvement of electrochemical performance of the electrode. The adsorption energy of anions (F and S) and cations (Fe and Ni) to water in each material was also calculated, and the results showed that F ion showed the most optimal adsorption energy of water, which proved that the doping of F and Fe was beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. It is worth noting that the surface of Fe–F–Ni3S2 material will undergo reconstruction during the process of water oxidation reaction and urea oxidation reaction, and amorphous oxides or hydroxides in situ would be formed on the surface of electrode, which are the real active species.  相似文献   
3.
Highly-efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overcoming the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent for water electrolysis. Biomass-derived biochar has been considered as promising carbon material because of its advantages such as low-cost, renewable, simple preparation, rich structure, and easy to obtain heteroatom by in-situ doping. Herein, Ni2P–Fe2P bimetallic phosphide spherical nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped pine needles biochar is prepared via a simple two-step pyrolysis method. Benefiting from the maximum synergistic effects of bimetallic phosphide and biochar, high conductivity of biochar encapsulation, highly exposed active sites of Ni2P–Fe2P spherical nanocages, rapid mass transfer in porous channels with large specific surface area, and the promotion in adsorption of reaction intermediates by high-level heteroatom doping, the (Ni0.75Fe0.25)2P@NP/C demonstrates excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 250 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. Also it exhibits a long-term durability in 10 h electrolysis and its activity even improves during the electrocatalytic process. The present work provides a favorable strategy for the inexpensive synthesis of biochar-based transition metal electrocatalysts toward OER, and improves the water electrolysis for hydrogen production.  相似文献   
4.
某铅锌矿原矿铅含量为1.26%,含锌6.53%,含硫30.38%。生产上采用“铅锌依次优先浮选-中矿顺序返回”工艺流程,生产指标为铅精矿铅品位50.69%,含锌12.61%,铅回收率75.53%,锌精矿锌品位48.77%,含铅1.59%,锌回收率73.91%。铅锌互含较高,锌精矿指标不理想。为了解决该问题,本文在了解现场生产工艺流程及矿石性质的基础上,针对该铅锌矿开展了详细的选矿工艺优化试验,通过对部分药剂制度进行优化,采用特效捕收剂BK-LY11,同时在锌浮选回路采用中矿再磨工艺,显著改善了铅锌互含情况,有效提高了铅锌选别指标,并成功应用于生产实践,优化后获得的铅、锌回收率分别提高了5.83、8.46个百分点。  相似文献   
5.
本文以工业纯铝和混合稀土RE(Ce和La)为原料,制备出Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金,并探讨了Al-RE中间合金对变形铝合金3102的细化机理。结果表明:Al-RE中间合金由α-Al、Al11RE3(Al11Ce3和Al11La3)、Ce和La组成,不同稀土含量Al-RE中间合金微观组织形貌不同,Al-8RE、Al-10RE和Al-15RE中间合金组织分别为亚共晶组织,伪共晶组织和过共晶组织,随稀土含量增加,Al-RE中间合金中Al11RE3相数量增多,尺寸增大;Al-RE中间合金对3102合金具有显著的细化效果,其中Al-10RE中间合金的细化效果最好;添加Al-RE中间合金可以提高产品性能,当添加10%RE时,性能提升最大。  相似文献   
6.
以鸡转化生长因子β-3(transforming growth factor beta-3,TGFB3)基因、猪朊蛋白(prion protein,PRNP)基因和鸭、牛生长激素(growth hormone,GH)基因为靶基因,设计合成特异性引物和TaqMan探针,通过对实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)体系和反应条件的优化,建立同时检测速冻食品中鸡、鸭、猪和牛源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法。结果表明:本研究所建立的方法只在鸡、鸭、猪或牛源性成分存在时才产生特异性扩增曲线,表明该方法具有良好的特异性;且对鸡、鸭、猪和牛源性成分的最低检测质量浓度分别可达到10.0、1.0、10.0、10.0 pg/μL,具有良好的灵敏性;应用建立的检测方法对市售34 份速冻食品鸡、鸭、猪和牛源性成分进行同时检测,能够实现对速冻食品中4 种动物源性成分的有效检测,进一步分析发现,15 份速冻食品源性成分测定结果与外包装标注成分不一致。本研究所建立的同时检测速冻食品中鸡、鸭、猪和牛源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性,且操作简单、适用范围广,能够满足日常检测需求。  相似文献   
7.
Nickel selenide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a high efficiency and a low-cost have a significant potential in the development of water splitting. However, the inferiority of the high overpotential and poor stability restricts their practical applications. Herein, a composite nanostructure consists of ultrasmall NiSe2 nanocrystals embedded on graphene by microwave reaction is reported. The prepared NiSe2/reduced graphite oxide (rGO) electrocatalyst exhibited a high HER activity with an overpotential of 158 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a corresponding moderate Tafel slope of 56 mV/dec in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, a high retention of electrochemical properties (approximately 100%) was demonstrated with an unchangeable microstructure after 100 h of continuous operation.  相似文献   
8.
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas.  相似文献   
9.
周桓  张梦丽  郝晴  吴思  李杰  徐存兵 《化工学报》2022,73(9):3841-3850
硫酸镁的存在影响光卤石矿加工的钾盐收率和产品质量。通过对一里坪盐湖硫酸镁型光卤石进行等温不完全分解实验,研究了钾盐分解转化机制和动态特征,并建立了钾盐转化过程的动态模型。结果表明:(1)硫酸镁型光卤石在加水过程迅速分解,而经过3~4 h诱导期,氯化钾与硫酸镁会逐渐转化为钾盐镁矾,经过50 h系统达到平衡,总钾量的近55%转化为钾盐镁矾,约20%溶于分解液,仅25%以固相氯化钾存在;(2)转化过程中,如有硫酸镁水合物存在,会出现“固、液相点不动的介稳态”假象,而实际上是氯化钾和硫酸镁水合物转化为钾盐镁矾的动态过程,当固相硫酸镁水合物缺失,液相点会向氯化钠、氯化钾、钾盐镁矾、光卤石的四盐共饱点移动;(3)钾盐镁矾生成的动力学方程的反应推动力(离子活度积与共饱点活度积之差)级数为1.5,产物存量的影响指数为2/3,反应速率常数为3.907×10-4 mol1/3·min-1,动力学方程与全组分物料方程构成了动态模型,可量化表达转化过程中任意时刻固液混合体系的状态。这一研究结果对改善盐湖钾资源利用过程具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   
10.
采用酸浸法从新疆紫金低品位氧化锌矿及含锌废石制备碱式碳酸锌。在磨矿细度为-74μm占30%,液固比2,硫酸用量52kg/t矿,浸出时间2h,终点pH 1.5~2.0,锌浸出率为63%,氧化锌浸出率97%左右;浸出液采用碳酸钙预中和—碳酸钠沉锌工艺回收锌,在预中和终点pH 4.5~5.0、碳酸钠沉锌终点pH 8.0左右,最终获得锌沉淀率为99%,锌品位约50%的碱式碳酸锌产品,该产品可作为生产电锌的原料。  相似文献   
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