The Interfacial Interactions of Glycine and Short Glycine Peptides in Model Membrane Systems

The interactions of amino acids and peptides at model membrane interfaces have considerable implications for biological functions, with the ability to act as chemical messengers, hormones, neurotransmitters, and even as antibiotics and anticancer agents. In this study, glycine and the short glycine peptides diglycine, triglycine, and tetraglycine are studied with regards to their interactions at the model membrane interface of Aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles via ¹H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Langmuir trough measurements. It was found that with the exception of monomeric glycine, the peptides prefer to associate between the interface and bulk water pool of the reverse micelle. Monomeric glycine, however, resides with the N-terminus in the ordered interstitial water (stern layer) and the C-terminus located in the bulk water pool of the reverse micelle.     

A Structural Rationale for N-Methylbicuculline Acting as a Promiscuous Competitive Antagonist of Inhibitory Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Bicuculline, a valued chemical tool in neurosciences research, is a competitive antagonist of specific GABA_A receptors and affects other pentameric ligand-gated ion channels including the glycine, nicotinic acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors. We used a fluorescence-quenching assay and isothermal titration calorimetry to record low-micromolar dissociation constants for N-methylbicuculline interacting with acetylcholine-binding protein and an engineered version called glycine-binding protein (GBP), which provides a surrogate for the heteromeric interface of the extracellular domain of the glycine receptor (GlyR). The 2.4 Å resolution crystal structure of the GBP:N-methylbicuculline complex, sequence and structural alignments reveal similarities and differences between GlyR and the GABA_A receptor–bicuculline interactions. N-methylbicuculline displays a similar conformation in different structures, but adopts distinct orientations enforced by interactions and steric blocks with key residues and plasticity in the binding sites. These features explain the promiscuous activity of bicuculline against the principal inhibitory pentameric ligand-gated ion channels in the CNS.     

基于中红外光谱技术的甘氨酸铁螯合物判别研究

目的研究基于中红外光谱(mid infrared spectroscopy,MIRS)技术定性判别有机微量元素添加剂掺假的可行性。方法以甘氨酸铁螯合物和硫酸亚铁为研究对象,分析样品的中红外光谱,解析不同样品光谱的特异性;建立偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)校正模型对掺假样品进行判别,并比较不同预处理方法、全光谱与特征波段对校正模型判别效果的影响。结果甘氨酸铁螯合物与硫酸亚铁光谱差异显著,主要分布在(3500～3000) cm~(-1)、(1600～1300) cm~(-1)、(1300～1000) cm~(-1)、(660～550) cm~(-1),通过采用平滑(smoothing,SM)、归一化(normalization,Norm)与一阶导数(first derivative,FD)相结合的方法对光谱进行预处理,结合1300 cm~(-1)～1000 cm~(-1)波段建立的PLS-DA校正模型判别效果最优,校正集的判别正确率为97.5%,验证集的判别正确率为100.0%,对外部样品的判别正确率达到92.7%。结论中红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法能够对甘氨酸铁螯合物的掺假进行准确判别。     

Mg2+-CO32--Gly--H2O体系热力学分析

根据碳酸镁在氨基乙酸盐(Gly~--H_2O)体系中的溶解热力学平衡方程建立了其溶解热力学模型,分别分析了298K时体系中镁离子总浓度、游离镁离子浓度、游离氨基乙酸根离子浓度、游离碳酸根离子浓度、镁物种分布以及氨基乙酸根物种分布热力学结果。结果表明,在酸性氨基乙酸盐体系中(pH值7),碳酸镁溶解以酸溶作用为主,碳酸镁可以大量溶于酸性氨基乙酸盐溶液中;在碱性氨基乙酸盐体系中(7pH值14),碳酸镁溶解以氨基乙酸根离子与镁离子配合作用为主,由于氨基乙酸根离子与镁离子配合能力较弱,碳酸镁不可能溶于碱性氨基乙酸盐溶液中。     

Phosphorylation of Glycine Derivatives via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Csp3−H Bond Functionalization

A simple and efficient one‐pot approach has been developed for a copper‐catalyzed phosphorylation of glycine derivatives under air and at room temperature. The present cross‐dehydrogenative coupling allows various methoxyphenyl‐protected glycine derivatives to be phosphorylated using diverse alkyl and aryl phosphites through an oxidative coupling between Csp³−H and P−H bonds catalyzed by copper iodide. This method provides a new synthetic tool to obtain biologically active α‐aminophosphonates.

     

Possible adducts formed between hydroxymethylfurfural and selected amino acids,and their release in simulated gastric model

This work aimed to investigate the reactivity of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with selected amino acids, to identify the produced adducts and to clarify whether or not the adducts release HMF after their digestion under gastric conditions. Results showed that cysteine, glycine and lysine can deplete the added HMF, and their reactivity increased with increasing pH and temperature. Cysteine (25 μmol mL^?1) depleted 91.0% of the added HMF (315.3 μg mL^?1) at 40 °C in 15 min, lysine did not eliminate HMF until 80 °C, and glycine started to eliminate HMF at 100 °C. Four adducts for cysteine, three adducts for lysine and only one adduct for glycine were identified through HPLC–MS–MS after they reacted with HMF. The adducts formed from the reaction mixture of cysteine, lysine and glycine with HMF only released 1.7%, 2.6% and 10.5% of eliminated HMF, respectively, after their digestion in simulated gastric conditions.     

羟甲基取代效应对甘氨酸质子化的作用

采用MP2/6-31++G**//B3LYP/6-31++G**方法研究了丝氨酸和甘氨酸水致质子迁移的相对难易,探讨了羟甲基取代效应.得到两个主要结论:1)羟甲基取代甘氨酸中的α-H后,其吸电子效应削弱了迁移质子所在的化学键,导致质子迁移所需的最少水分子数目由2个减少为1个;2)通过比较羟甲基取代前后的质子迁移过程,发...     

甘氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺的合成

以甘氨酸和L-谷氨酰胺为主要原料,先用邻苯二甲酸酐对甘氨酸进行氨基保护,所得中间产物与氯化亚砜生成酰氯,然后再和L-谷氮酰胺酰胺化,最后在甲醇中用水合肼脱保护得到产品,粗品经一次精制即可达到药用级水平.     

甘氨酸在痕量铜分析中的应用条件研究

以甘氨酸为络合剂,运用浊点萃取-紫外分光光度法进行铜离子的检测,对影响铜离子浊点萃取效率的相关因素进行研究,确定最佳的铜离子浊点萃取条件为:检测波长230nm,pH值9.0、NaCl溶液用量4.0mL,50.0mgmL-1 Triton X-100溶液用量1.0mL,萃取时间10min.     

甘氨酸在离子交换树脂中扩散过程的控制步骤

研究了甘氨酸在001 ×7,001 ×4和D061 3种阳离子树脂上离子交换动力学过程,对甘氨酸在3种离子交换树脂上的扩散过程控制步骤进行分析.使用间歇式搅拌槽法分别测定了不同温度下甘氨酸在001 ×7,001 ×4和D061树脂上的吸附曲线,估算了颗粒扩散系数和相间传质系数,并比较了3种阳离子交换树脂吸附甘氨酸的特性...