Reflecting on the preparation of guidelines for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of nuclear power programmes

In this paper, the ‘guidelines for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of nuclear power programmes’ by the International Atomic Energy Agency are introduced. This includes a reflection on their preparation process and contents as well as consultation feedback. The preparation process started with two meetings of international nuclear and SEA experts and the creation of a writing team which prepared an initial set of draft guidelines. This was followed by various consultation exercises. The guidelines are organised along an allocation of tasks within a tiered system of energy related policies, plans, programmes and projects. Whilst consultation showed that there was agreement on the approach to most issues, no consensus was present on the extent to which economic and social issues should be fully integrated with environmental considerations. Strong support was given to the way quality review is designed, going beyond focusing on the main SEA reports to cover procedural and participatory aspects next to elements of a comprehensively tiered decision making framework, the ability to influence decisions as well as the quality (expertise and experience) of those involved in conducting the SEA.

Abbreviation: SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment; EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment; IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency     

Sensei: Enforcing secure coding guidelines in the integrated development environment

We discuss the potential benefits, requirements, and implementation challenges of a security-by-design approach in which an integrated development environment plugin assists software developers to write code that complies with secure coding guidelines. We discuss how such a plugin can enable a company's policy-setting security experts and developers to pass their knowledge on to each other more efficiently, and to let developers more effectively put that knowledge into practice. This is achieved by letting the team members develop customized rule sets that formalize coding guidelines and by letting the plugin check the compliance of code being written to those rule sets in real time, similar to an as-you-type spell checker. Upon detected violations, the plugin suggests options to quickly fix them and offers additional information for the developer. We share our experience with proof-of-concept designs and implementations rolled out in multiple companies, and present some future research and development directions.     

金属基聚合物内衬复合压力容器界面剥离失效及预防

基于构建的裂纹剥离扩展失效过程的模拟方法，提出了预测临界载荷的方法，并通过界面的临界应变能释放率与损伤起始应力，构建了预防界面裂纹剥离扩展失效的等值临界真空压力约束预防控制线和设计准则。结果表明，临界压力载荷受控于界面初始预裂纹长度、复合界面的临界应变能释放率（GIC）和损伤起始应力（T0），与界面初始预裂纹长度呈负关联关系，而与临界应变能释放率与损伤起始应力呈正关联关系；当初始预裂纹长度由11.11 %增至15.55 %时，临界压力载荷（Pc）由87.6 kPa降至为57 kPa，降幅为34.9 %；内衬界面剥离韧性参数（T0，GIC）的坐标点位于等值临界真空压力约束控制线之上，可有效预防内衬界面剥离扩展失效。     

Engineering knowledge formalization and proposition for informatics development towards a CAD-integrated DfX system for product design

Target design methodologies (DfX) were developed to cope with specific engineering design issues such as cost-effectiveness, manufacturability, assemblability, maintainability, among others. However, DfX methodologies are undergoing the lack of real integration with 3D CAD systems. Their principles are currently applied downstream of the 3D modelling by following the well-known rules available from the literature and engineers’ know-how (tacit internal knowledge).This paper provides a method to formalize complex DfX engineering knowledge into explicit knowledge that can be reused for Advanced Engineering Informatics to aid designers and engineers in developing mechanical products. This research work wants to define a general method (ontology) able to couple DfX design guidelines (engineering knowledge) with geometrical product features of a product 3D model (engineering parametric data). A common layer for all DfX methods (horizontal) and dedicated layers for each DfX method (vertical) allow creating the suitable ontology for the systematic collection of the DfX rules considering each target. Moreover, the proposed framework is the first step for developing (future work) a software tool to assist engineers and designers during product development (3D CAD modelling).A design for assembly (DfA) case study shows how to collect assembly rules in the given framework. It demonstrates the applicability of the CAD-integrated DfX system in the mechanical design of a jig-crane. Several benefits are recognized: (i) systematic collection of DfA rules for informatics development, (ii) identification of assembly issues in the product development process, and (iii) reduction of effort and time during the design review.     

步行校园的建构

通过比较国内外大学校园步行环境的规划发展状况，分析我国校园步行系统规划中存在的问题，指出我国大学校园应建立以人为导向的校园交通系统，提出步行校园的建构导则。     

Indoor air quality and the law in Singapore

With the greater use of air-conditioned offices in Singapore, achieving good indoor air quality has become an important issue. The laws that impose duties upon designers and contractors with respect to the design and construction of air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems are set out in the Building Control Regulations and the Singapore Standard Code of Practice for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings (hereinafter "SS CP 13:1980"). ACMV maintenance is governed by the Environmental Public Health Act, the Building and Common Property (Maintenance and Management) Act, and the Land Titles (Strata) Act, as well as by lease or tenancy agreements. Designers, contractors, developers, building owners and management corporations may also be liable to the workers, occupants and other premises users for indoor air quality (IAQ)-related injuries under the general principles of contract and tort. Recently, the Guidelines for Good Indoor Air Quality in Office Premises was issued by the Ministry of Environment to complement SS CP 13:1980 toward improving the indoor air quality of air-conditioned office premises. Although the Guidelines have no statutory effect, they may be adopted as contractual requirements in construction, lease and maintenance contracts. They may also be used to determine the relevant standard of duty of care required to discharge tortious liability. This paper looks at the existing laws and rules affecting the design, construction and maintenance of air-conditioned offices in light of Part III of the Ministry's Guidelines.     

综合因素影响下的建筑退让道路红线间距控制——以广州市番禺区为例

建筑退让道路红线间距不仅仅是局部道路断面设计和管理的问题,更是城市整体规划结构的特点在微观空间层面的表现.结合国内外城市规划设计管理的相关标准与准则的案例分析,对退让间距控制的主要方法进行总结.以广州市番禺区的研究为例,提出通过构建沿街界面功能与退让间距的合理关系、分层退让保障形成适度的退让间距尺度区间以及退线与贴线要求相结合等方式,优化城市街道的人性化空间尺度.     

露天煤矿生物多样性调查技术导则研究（增刊）

露天煤矿采-剥-运-排-覆等开采环节会对矿区范围内的生物多样性造成巨大破坏,而生物多样性调查是进行矿区土地复垦、恢复矿区生物多样性的基础。相关生物多样性调查技术导则研究可为科学有效进行露天煤矿生物多样性调查提供技术支撑,然而国内尚无针对露天煤矿开采-损毁-复垦特点的生物多样性调查技术导则研究。本文在整合现有生物多样性调查方法的基础上,重点对技术导则中应明确的生物多样性调查层次、调查阶段、调查范围、调查频率、调查单元等基本调查原则,以及不同层次露天煤矿生物多样性调查对象和调查方法进行了研究,以期为编制露天煤矿生物多样性调查技术导则、推动露天煤矿生物多样性保护工作,进而建设绿色矿山提供参考和依据。     

Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen von Brandszenarien vor Fassaden unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Abstände

Experimental and numerical investigations of fire scenarios in front of façades considering various distances Constructional boundary conditions, e. g. walls or façades, close to ignition sources affect the fire formation and the plume. It is already known, that boundaries (e. g. walls) constrain the entrainment of air and oxygen into the plume and the combustion of gas or flammable products is completed at larger heights. How far the location of the fire sources, the building geometry and the heat release rate affect the characteristics of a flame is investigated at the Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (iBMB) of TU Braunschweig in line with a series of experiments with a square gas burner. For the implementation of the fire tests the test rig in Braunschweig is provided with extensive measurement techniques to determine heat flux, wall‐bounded temperatures, temperatures for plume measurements and upward velocity. In this paper the data of the fire tests are discussed and compared with the results of a CFD‐Model and selected empirical calculation approaches.