燕麦蒽酰胺生理功能研究进展

目的 探究尾静脉注射短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(SCAD)重组腺病毒能否改善自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血管重构。方法 实验分为6组:Wistar+NS组、Wistar+GFP组、Wistar+Ad-SCAD组、SHR+NS组、SHR+GFP组和SHR+Ad-SCAD组。腺病毒包装的SCAD和GFP纯化后,以尾静脉方式注射给药8周。采用超声心动图检测大鼠心功能情况；采用无创血压仪检测大鼠的血压变化；主动脉HE染色、天狼星红染色、DHE染色、TUNEL染色、EVG染色,观察血管重构。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测相关基因mRNA表达变化、Western blot检测相关蛋白表达变化,观察游离脂肪酸、一氧化氮(NO)和ATP含量变化。结果 (1)尾静脉注射SCAD重组腺病毒,大鼠主动脉中SCAD蛋白出现过表达,mRNA水平增高,SCAD酶活性增加；(2)在病理状态下,增加主动脉中SCAD表达,可以降低血压,改善心功能,改善血管管腔大小,减少胶原沉积,减少血管活性氧(ROS)的生成和细胞凋亡；(3)在病理状态下,SCAD的表达增加可减少血清和主动脉中游离脂肪酸的含量,增加组织中的ATP水平,激活内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)磷酸化,增加主动脉NO的生成。结论 自发性高血压大鼠主动脉SCAD的表达增加能逆转高血压血管重构,可能与其减少血清中游离脂肪酸的含量、增加NO水平、减少活性氧生成、消除氧化应激有关。     

Indoor solid fuel use for heating and cooking with blood pressure and hypertension: A cross-sectional study among middle-aged and older adults in China

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the impact of solid fuel use for heating and cooking on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The primary fuels used for indoor heating and cooking were collected by questionnaires, respectively. Hypertension was defined based on self-report of physician's diagnosis, and/or measured BP, and/or anti-hypertensive medication use. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the associations. Among 10 450 eligible participants, 68.2% and 57.2% used indoor solid fuel for heating and cooking, respectively. Compared with none/clean fuel users, solid fuel for heating was associated with elevated BP (adjusted β: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.04–3.01 for systolic BP; adjusted β: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.78–1.94 for diastolic BP) and increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.29). The impact of indoor solid fuel for heating on BP was more evident in rural and north residents, and hypertensive patients. We did not detect any significant associations between solid fuel use for cooking and BP/hypertension. Indoor solid fuel use is prevalent in China, especially in the rural areas. Its negative impact on BP suggested that modernization of household fuel use may help to reduce the burden of hypertension in China.     

The effects of food essential oils on cardiovascular diseases: A review

Essential oils (EO) are complex secondary metabolites, which are produced by aromatic plants and identified by their powerful odors. Present studies on EO and their isolated ingredients have drawn the attention of researchers to screen these natural products and evaluate their effect on the cardiovascular system. Some EO, and their active ingredients, have been reported to improve the cardiovascular system significantly by affecting vaso-relaxation, and decreasing the heart rate and exert a hypotension activity. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of EO and their main active components in promoting the health of the cardiovascular system. The objective of this review is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the functional role of EO extracted from plants for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their mechanisms of action. Research on EO has the potential to identify new bioactive compounds and formulate new functional products for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and myocardial infarction.     

Epigenetic Targets for Oligonucleotide Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Arterial wall remodeling underlies increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). None of the established vasodilator drug therapies for PAH prevents or reverse established arterial wall thickening, stiffening, and hypercontractility. Therefore, new approaches are needed to achieve long-acting prevention and reversal of occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling. Several promising new drug classes are emerging from a better understanding of pulmonary vascular gene expression programs. In this review, potential epigenetic targets for small molecules and oligonucleotides will be described. Most are in preclinical studies aimed at modifying the growth of vascular wall cells in vitro or normalizing vascular remodeling in PAH animal models. Initial success with lung-directed delivery of oligonucleotides targeting microRNAs suggests other epigenetic mechanisms might also be suitable drug targets. Those targets include DNA methylation, proteins of the chromatin remodeling machinery, and long noncoding RNAs, all of which act as epigenetic regulators of vascular wall structure and function. The progress in testing small molecules and oligonucleotide-based drugs in PAH models is summarized.     

左西孟旦在心脏外科术后重症患者的应用研究

目的：研究左西孟旦对重症心脏外科术后患者心功能、肺高压、肾功能等方面的影响。方法：选取2014年1月－2019年6月在宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院胸外科接受心脏手术治疗的重症患者320例，采用随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组，各160例。根据患者具体病情选择心脏换瓣手术或非体外循环搭桥手术，实验组围术期同时给予左西孟旦治疗。比较2组患者手术前后不同时间心、肾功能指标水平及肺动脉收缩压（PASP）变化。结果：术后24 h 2组患者心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）比较无明显差异，实验组血乳酸（LAC）在术后12 h及术后24 h明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；术后1～14 d 2组左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）均呈减小趋势，且同一时间点实验组明显小于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；2组心脏指数（CI）及左室射血指数（LVEF）均呈升高趋势，且同一时间点实验组明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。术后3～14 d 2组血浆N末端前脑利钠肽（NT-proBNP）水平及PASP均呈降低趋势，且同一时间点实验组明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；实验组血清尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿蛋白定量（24Upro）及血肌酐（Scr）水平均无明显变化（P>0.05），对照组血清BUN、24Upro及Scr水平先升高后降低，且同一时间点实验组明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与对照组比较，实验组术后死亡率、ICU住院时间、呼吸机及主动脉球囊反搏（IABP）支持时间均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：心脏手术后给予左西孟旦可有效改善重症患者术后心功能，保护由于低灌注引起的肾损伤，且可降低术后早期肺动脉高压的发生，值得临床借鉴。     

叶酸片联合阿托伐他汀治疗对H型高血压患者同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的:分析H型高血压患者应用叶酸片与阿托伐他汀联合治疗对血浆同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法:选取我院2016年1月至2018年10月收治的140例H型高血压患者为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为观察组（70例）和对照组（70例），对照组给予常规降压+阿托伐他汀钙片治疗，观察组给予常规降压+阿托伐他汀钙片+叶酸片治疗，疗程均为10周。比较2组治疗前后同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）、低密度脂蛋白（low-density lipoprotein，LDL）、肱踝脉搏波传导速度（brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity，BaPWV）、颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（carotid intima-media thickness，IMT）、血压及心率水平变化，并观察不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组治疗后血浆Hcy及LDL水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）；两组治疗后BaPWV和IMT比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，两组患者的收缩压和舒张压较治疗前均明显降低（P<0.05），且观察组治疗后的收缩压和舒张压明显低于对照组（P<0.05），但两组治疗后心率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论:对于H型高血压应用阿托伐他汀联合叶酸片治疗可有效减轻患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度，降低Hcy及LDL水平，且临床较为安全。