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1.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(18):26055-26062
Indo-Pacific glass beads are produced by the drawn technique, which originates from South Asia, and their chemical compositions are unique in South and Southeast Asia. However, a small number of Indo-Pacific beads with Sassanian glass compositions are excavated in Asia and Africa after the 3rd c. CE, and their production sites in South/Southeast Asia or in the Sassanian region remain controversial. In this study, 15 drawn glass beads with various colours from Astana necropolis (ca. the 4th-8th c. CE) in Xinjiang, northwest China were investigated by using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Scanning Electron Microscope, Raman spectroscopy and visible to near-infrared spectroscopy to characterize the production technology and origins. The results show that most Astana glass beads share similar chemical compositions with the glassware from Veh Arda?īr, a famous Sasanian site. Furthermore, Sasanian glass compositions predominate in Indo-Pacific beads in Xinjiang during the 4th-8th c. CE, while popular glass recipes in contemporary South/Southeast Asia are infrequently found; thus, it is deduced that the drawn method should have been mastered by Sasanian craftsmen. Moreover, the cobalt materials in Sasanian glass were imported from further western regions and changed over time. The popular Sasanian glass across central Eurasia reflects the trade monopoly of Sasanian in West and Central Asia, and the land glass bead trade is distinct from the contemporary maritime trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, we established a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of viable Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in milk using biotin-exposure-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), propidium monoazide (PMA), and multiplex real-time PCR (mRT-PCR). We used IMS to lessen the assay time for isolation of target bacteria. We then optimized the coupling conditions and immunomagnetic capture process. The immunoreaction and incubation times for 5 μg of mAb coupled with 500 μg of streptavidin-functionalized magnetic beads using a streptavidin-biotin system were 90 and 30 min, respectively. Treatment with SDS-PMA before mRT-PCR amplification eliminated false-positive outcomes from dead bacteria and identified viable target bacteria with good sensitivity and specificity. The limit of detection of IMS combined with the SDS-PMA-mRT-PCR assay for the detection of viable Salmonella Typhimurium, Staph. aureus, and L. monocytogenes in spiked milk matrix samples was 10 cfu/mL and remained significant even in the appearance of 106 cfu/mL of nontarget bacteria. The entire detection process was able to identify viable bacteria within 9 h. The combination of biotin-exposure-mediated IMS and SDS-PMA-mRT-PCR has potential value for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens.  相似文献   
3.
Monodisperse ZrO2 ceramic beads with size larger than 1 mm have been prepared by an improved micro-droplet spray forming process, through which a compressor and a dispenser were employed to produce droplets continuously. Furthermore, the slurry recipe and drying temperature have been optimized to enhance the sphericity and smoothness of the beads. The sintered ZrO2 ceramic beads present promising mechanical performance, including a relative density of 84.6%, a crush strength of 256.2 ± 36.6 N as well as a Vickers hardness of 1344.4 ± 58.3 HV. Such procedure reveals great potential in mass production of ceramic beads.  相似文献   
4.
利用冷冻反向成球技术,即将乳酸钙和黄原胶复配成芯液后,冷冻为小球,然后置于常温放置的海藻酸钠-低酯果胶复合溶液中,蒸馏水漂洗后用壳聚糖溶液固化,制得爆珠。以跌落测试、质构分析作为主要评判标准,并观察小球的成球性,得到爆珠的最佳制作工艺。为丰富爆珠的营养价值和口感,将具有药食两用价值的连翘叶提取物加入爆珠芯液中,以感官评分为标准,通过单因素试验和正交试验得到连翘叶风味爆珠的最佳制备工艺。试验结果表明,爆珠的最佳制备工艺为:成球反应时间10 min、海藻酸钠-低酯果胶复合溶液浓度0.6%(w/w)、芯液添加量400 μL;连翘叶风味爆珠芯液的最佳工艺配方为:连翘叶提取物载入量3%(w/w)、白砂糖载入量8%(w/w)、黄原胶载入量0.2%(w/w)。该结果可为连翘叶的开发利用提供科学依据,为风味爆珠的研发提供工艺参考。  相似文献   
5.
为进一步提高磁头飞行的稳定性,增加硬盘存储容量,采用分子动力学方法研究磁头磁盘接触条件下盘片上类金刚石薄膜(DLC)层粗糙度、DLC表层官能团比例及单个润滑剂分子中羟基数对润滑剂转移行为及润滑剂在盘片表面分布的影响.研究结果表明:降低DLC层粗糙度,增加DLC表层官能团比例都将降低磁头磁盘间的润滑剂转移量;当磁盘表面存在物理吸附态的润滑剂分子时,增加单个润滑剂分子中的羟基数也可降低润滑剂转移量;但降低DLC层粗糙度或同时增加DLC表层官能团的比例和单个润滑剂中羟基数会增加润滑剂在盘片表面堆积的高度,进而降低磁头飞行稳定性.综合考虑润滑剂转移量和润滑剂在磁盘表面堆积厚度对磁头飞行稳定性的影响,DLC层粗糙度应降低至约0.07 nm,DLC表层官能团比例增至约80%,单个润滑剂分子中的羟基数量应少于8个.  相似文献   
6.
7.
A simple and novel method using gel shrinkage to indirectly characterize the structure of calcium alginate gel (CAG) beads during the calcium alginate gelation process was presented in this study. The effect of preparation process parameters (gelling cations, bead diameter, and alginate M w and concentration) on the structure of the CAG bead formation process was thoroughly investigated. It was found that (a) the concentration of the Na+ and Ca2+ ion in gel bath was found to be the determining factor in the gel structure formation process by regulating the dissociation of alginate and the complexation of the calcium; (b) Na+ acts as a competitor with calcium and a screen in the electrostatic repulsion; (c) the effect of beads size below 700 μm on the structure of CAG beads can be neglected; and (d) the sodium alginate concentration has no significant effect on the gel formation process. Furthermore, the diffusion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was controlled by the density of CAG bead. Consequently, a faster diffusion rate of BSA within the looser structure of beads can be observed. These results are keys to understanding the behavior and performance of beads in their utilization medium. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48923.  相似文献   
8.
Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column with non-foaming and foaming gas–liquid systems,determined by using experiments of radioactive particle tracking(RPT),have been compared.The tracer used is a gel particle which resembles typical immobilized biocatalyst.The tracer trajectory is analyzed to extract relevant information for design purposes.The solid velocity field,turbulence parameters,dispersion coefficients,mixing times and flow transitions are determined and compared.The presence of foam significantly affects many quantified parameters,especially within the heterogeneous flow regime.The hydrodynamic stresses are reduced in the presence of foam,especially close to the disengagement.The dispersion coefficients also decrease,and the solid mixing time is only slightly affected by the presence of foam.Gas holdup,inferred both from RPT experiments and from gamma ray scanning,is higher for foaming systems and leads to a shift in the transition gas velocity towards higher values.  相似文献   
9.
研究免疫磁性糊精微球的制备及在快速分离检测单增李斯特菌中的应用。将磁性糊精微球由环氧氯丙烷活化后,与抗体交联制得免疫磁性糊精微球,通过单因素和正交试验对合成条件进行优化。再利用合成好的免疫磁性糊精微球捕获单増李斯特菌,在外加磁场的作用下,富集免疫磁性糊精微球,提取细菌DNA,经过PCR扩增后,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳。结果表明:活化反应的最佳条件,环氧氯丙烷用量0.4 mL/g,NaOH浓度2.0 mol/L,最佳反应时间5 h;制备免疫磁性糊精微球的最优合成条件:抗体质量浓度1.0 mg/mL,反应温度28℃,反应时间2.5 h;捕获单增李斯特菌时,免疫磁性糊精微球的最佳用量100μL、最佳捕获时间1 h。通过研究得出免疫磁性糊精微球可以快速捕获单增李斯特菌,并能扩增出特异性产物,检出限达到每mL菌液中10个单增李斯特菌。  相似文献   
10.
采用单因素试验方法,研究了粉煤灰、玻化微珠、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚、聚丙烯纤维对玻化微珠保温砂浆基本性能的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰等量替代水泥掺量在10%~20%时,保温砂浆28 d干密度降低,抗压强度提高;玻化微珠的掺量在105%~120%时,保温砂浆28 d干密度减小,28 d抗压强度提高;羟丙基甲基纤维素醚的掺量在0.50%~0.75%时,虽然使保温砂浆的28 d抗压强度降低,但提高了保温砂浆的施工性能;聚丙烯纤维的掺量在0.50%~1.25%时,虽然使保温砂浆的密度增大,但同时28 d的抗压强度提高。  相似文献   
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