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1.
胡振军 《煤矿机械》2021,(1):110-111
针对煤矿进口锚杆机除尘马达频繁出现故障的情况,通过排查除尘装置的安装方式和监测马达工作时的压力状态,查找故障原因,并制定解决方案。通过马达外接单向阀,可满足马达进油口最低安全压力限制的要求,解决了马达频繁损坏的问题,保障了设备工作的稳定性,提高了工作效率。  相似文献   
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《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(5):4314-4323
We tested the hypothesis that the size of a beef cattle population destined for use on dairy females is smaller under optimum-contribution selection (OCS) than under truncation selection (TRS) at the same genetic gain (ΔG) and the same rate of inbreeding (ΔF). We used stochastic simulation to estimate true ΔG realized at a 0.005 ΔF in breeding schemes with OCS or TRS. The schemes for the beef cattle population also differed in the number of purebred offspring per dam and the total number of purebred offspring per generation. Dams of the next generation were exclusively selected among the one-year-old heifers. All dams were donors for embryo transfer and produced a maximum of 5 or 10 offspring. The total number of purebred offspring per generation was: 400, 800, 1,600 or 4,000 calves, and it was used as a measure of population size. Rate of inbreeding was predicted and controlled using pedigree relationships. Each OCS (TRS) scheme was simulated for 10 discrete generations and replicated 100 (200) times. The OCS scheme and the TRS scheme with a maximum of 10 offspring per dam required approximately 783 and 1,257 purebred offspring per generation to realize a true ΔG of €14 and a ΔF of 0.005 per generation. Schemes with a maximum of 5 offspring per dam required more purebred offspring per generation to realize a similar true ΔG and a similar ΔF. Our results show that OCS and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer act on selection intensity through different mechanisms to achieve fewer selection candidates and fewer selected sires and dams than under TRS at the same ΔG and a fixed ΔF. Therefore, we advocate the use of a breeding scheme with OCS and multiple ovulation and embryo transfer for beef cattle destined for use on dairy females because it is favorable both from an economic perspective and a carbon footprint perspective.  相似文献   
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肉类熟制过程中的提前褐变现象(Premature Browning,PMB)容易导致食品安全问题,高氧气调包装是导致该现象的一个主要因素。为抑制高氧气调包装牛肉饼的PMB现象,该研究向牛肉饼中添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚两种天然抗氧化物,通过测定其p H值、生鲜肉色和熟制肉色、脂肪氧化值、菌落总数和感官品质等指标,研究其对牛肉饼PMB现象的抑制作用。研究表明,添加0.1 g/kg的葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚可以显著降低肉饼贮藏过程中的脂质氧化,提高生肉饼的肉色稳定性。在贮藏第6 d时,添加葡萄籽提取物和茶多酚能将肉饼脂质氧化值由对照组的8.98mgMDA/kg分别降低至5.62mgMDA/kg和5.79mgMDA/kg(p<0.05),并使肉饼在中心温度66℃时的中心a*值显著高于其72℃的中心a*值(p<0.05),对高氧气调包装条件下肉饼的PMB有显著的抑制效果。同时,两种天然抗氧化物对肉饼的感官品质无负面作用。因此,生产中可以通过添加0.1 g/kg葡萄籽提取物或0.1 g/kg茶多酚来抑制高氧气调包装肉饼的PMB,提高食品安全性。  相似文献   
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Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.  相似文献   
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以牛肉和花椒叶为研究对象,研究花椒叶提取物(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaf extract,ZME)添加量(0.015%、0.030%、0.045%)对烤牛肉饼中杂环胺(heterocyclic amines,HAs)形成的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,ZME能够显著抑制烤牛肉饼中总HAs的形成(P<0.05),对其最大抑制率为39.87%,但对不同种类HAs形成的影响不同。其中,添加0.045% ZME对2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶、2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉、2-氨基-3,4-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉、1-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚和2-氨基-9H-吡啶并[2,3-b]吲哚的抑制率分别达到71.76%、78.02%、49.07%、35.82%和100%;而0.045% ZME却促进2-氨基-3,8-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-f]喹喔啉和9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚的形成。进一步分析ZME对烤牛肉饼中HAs前体物的影响,结果显示前体物的消耗随着ZME添加量的增加呈降低趋势,相关性分析表明HAs的形成与多种游离氨基酸的消耗显著相关。上述结果表明ZME能显著抑制烤牛肉饼中HAs的形成,为其提高加工食品安全性及更广泛的应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   
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为比较西门塔尔杂交黄牛和牦牛不同部位嫩度差异,以西门塔尔杂交黄牛和青海高原型牦牛为原料,选取其臀肉、肩肉、黄瓜条、米龙、霖肉等5个部位分别制作牛肉干,以剪切力、水分含量、水分活度、水分迁移规律、扫描电镜显微结构作为考察指标,探究不同部位对牦牛肉干和黄牛肉干嫩度的影响规律。结果表明:以米龙部位制作的黄牛肉干和牦牛肉干的剪切力最小,以米龙部位制作的黄牛肉干的水分含量和水分活度显著高于其他部位,而牦牛肉干的水分含量和水分活度较高的部位是肩肉;以霖肉部位制作的黄牛肉干口感较佳,适合工业化生产;以米龙部位制作的牦牛肉干口感比其他部位得分高,比较受到消费者欢迎。结合相关性和线性回归得出:青海高原型牦牛的霖肉部位嫩度与外观方程y=0.984 x+13.911中R^2最高,西门塔尔杂交黄牛米龙部位嫩度与外观方程y=-0.993 x+14.234中R^2最高。主成分分析综合评价模型,加工黄牛肉干适合采用米龙部位,加工牦牛肉干适合采用肩肉部位。  相似文献   
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Cultured meat is an emerging technology with the potential to solve huge challenges related to the environmental, ethical, and health implications of conventional meat production. Establishing the basic science of cultured meat has been the primary focus of the last decade but it is now feasible that cultured meat products will enter the market within the next 3 to 4 years. This proximity to market introduction demands an evaluation of aspects of the cultured meat production process that have not yet been outlined or discussed in significant detail. For example, one technological approach for the production of cultured meat uses adult muscle stem cells, the limited proliferative capacity of which necessitates repeated collection of tissue samples via biopsies of living donor animals. The selection of donor animals and the details of biopsy processes must be optimized, as this is a key bottleneck in the cultured meat production process. The number of stem cells harvested from a biopsy, together with their proliferative capacity, determines a ‘multiplicity factor’ achieved by a cultured meat production process, thus dictating the reduction in number of animals required to produce a given quantity of meat. This article considers potential scenarios for these critical upstream steps, focusing on the production of cultured beef as an example. Considerations related to donor selection and details of the biopsy process are discussed in detail. The practicalities of various scenarios for cultured beef production, the health of donor animals, and regulatory issues associated with the safety of cultured meat for consumers are also considered. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   
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不同冻结温度下牛肉的肌原纤维蛋白变性与肌肉持水性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为明确冷冻温度对牛肉肌原纤维蛋白变性和肌肉持水性(water-holding capacity,WHC)的影响、探讨肌原纤维蛋白变性与WHC的相关性。以牛背最长肌作实验材料,探究-9、-18、-23、-38℃下冻结后肌原纤维蛋白理化特性和牛肉WHC。通过测定巯基含量、蛋白质溶解度、Ca2+-三磷酸腺苷酶(adenosine triphosphatase,ATPase)活力及蛋白质热稳定性考察牛肉冻结后肌原纤维蛋白变性情况,利用解冻汁液流失与加压失水率指标衡量牛肉WHC,采用低场核磁共振(low field-nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)波谱和磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术对比分析了肌肉水分分布情况,并于4℃解冻后测定了色差与剪切力。结果表明:-23℃与-38℃下冻结试样较-9℃与-18℃肌原纤维蛋白变性程度小:-23℃与-38℃下冻结试样蛋白质溶解度、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力、巯基含量和总变性焓相比-9℃与-18℃实验组较高(P0.05)。-23℃与-38℃下冻结牛肉解冻后L~*值、b~*值、剪切力、解冻汁液流失和加压失水率显著低于-9℃与-18℃(P0.05)。LF-NMR及MRI结果相互佐证了肉样在-23℃与-38℃冻结下肌肉WHC高于-9℃与-18℃的实验结果。肌原纤维蛋白理化特性(蛋白质溶解度、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力、巯基含量、总变性焓)与WHC(解冻汁液流失率、加压失水率)均呈极显著相关(P0.01),L~*、b~*值及剪切力亦与WHC存在极显著相关(P0.01)。相关性分析结果验证了牛肉冻结过程中肌原纤维蛋白变性对肌肉持水性存在显著影响,进而导致牛肉解冻后出现肉色劣变、嫩度下降及汁液流失。  相似文献   
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