Corrosion Control by water‐soluble extracts from leaves of economic plants

Water extracts from leaves of date palm, phoenix dactylifera, henna, Lawsonia inermis, and corn, Zea mays, were tested as corrosion inhibitors for steel, aluminum, copper and brass in acid chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions using weight loss, solution analysis and potential measurements. The inhibition action was found to critically depend on metal type and solution composition. Only, date palm and henna extracts were found highly effective in reducing corrosion rate of steel in acid chloride solutions and aluminum in sodium hydroxide solutions. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the concentration of the extract. The inhibition was interpreted in terms of chemisorption of some active ingredients in the leaves according to Temkin isotherm.     

Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt and Pd catalysts for the abatement of lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles emissions: influence of water and sulphur containing compounds

The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H₂S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H₂S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H₂S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by TPD in O₂/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO₂ and O₂ in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O₂/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested.     

Structure and water-barrier properties of vanadate-based corrosion inhibitor films

Uniform, crack-free vanadium-based corrosion inhibitor films were grown on aluminum alloy 2024. Neutron and X-ray reflectivity were utilized to investigate the structure, water-barrier properties and speciation of the inhibitor film. The top part of the alloy participates in the formation of vanadate film. The similarity of films prepared from H₂O and D₂O implies the vanadate film is not hydrated. The film has a layered structure with vanadium enriched at the alloy interface. The film behaves as an effective water barrier when the thickness is greater than 800 Å. Films grown without K₃Fe[CN]₆ accelerator are found to be extremely thin.     

煤层气井泡沫酸井筒除垢工艺及存在问题

X区煤层气井生产过程中,井下设备存在着严重的结垢情况,给气井正常生产带来较大影响。为提高采收率,对X区垢样进行X-射线衍射成分分析,优选出了除垢泡沫酸体系,设计加工了泡沫酸现场施工配套设备。结果表明:X区垢成因复杂,泡沫酸酸溶率可高达95%,缓蚀性及配伍性良好,工艺存在问题得到相应改善,现场施工应用增产效果较好。     

Growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocin-producing Staphylococcus equorum SE3 in cheese models

The anti-listerial activity of Staphylococcus equorum SE3 isolated from cheese brine was tested in two different model cheese systems to ascertain its potential for use as a protective culture for smear cheese ripening. Co-cultivation of Listeria monocytogenes L129 and the antilisterial S. equorum SE3 was performed on “milk agar” or “modified milk agar” (model cheese surface systems). S. equorum inoculated at concentrations of 10⁶ cfu/cm² completely inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes inoculated at 10–500 cfu/cm² on modified milk agar within 24 h of incubation, in the negative controls L129 grew to >10⁷ cfu/cm². At a higher inoculation level, growth inhibition was still more than 7 log units after 24 h. L. monocytogenes strains of different serotypes were also inhibited. Co-cultivation of S. equorum SE3 with other smear bacteria or yeasts, however, showed no growth inhibition of these important ripening microorganisms. The antilisterial effect was not diminished on the modified milk agar when co-cultivation was performed with the added smear cheese microbiota. However, on milk agar with no adjuncts (“green cheese model”), only a slight (<1 log unit) growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes was observed. Addition of peptides or amino acids to milk agar could restore growth inhibition of listeriae at different levels.     

基于侧抑制机制的一维多速度运动检测神经网络

运动感知是生物视觉系统的一个重要组成部分。运动对自然界的认识一大部分是通过运动感知。本文通过对同时具有方向和速度选择性的视觉皮层运动区神经元的侧抑制机制的模拟，提出了一种新的乘积抑制速度检测子（Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｃａｔｉｖｅ Ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｙ Ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ－ＭＩＶＤ），其时空联合参数Ｋ决定了检测子的最优速度，基于ＭＩＶＤ的响应幅度差特性，我们构造了两个速度融合神经网络（一个简单神经网络和一个     

Inhibitory pheromonal activity promoted by sulfur analogs of the sex pheromone of the female processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and schiff)

New sulfur analogs of the sex pheromone of the female processionary mothThaumetopoea pityocampa have been found to be effective inhibitors of the natural pheromone activity both in EAG bioassays and field tests. The structures of these analogs have been derived from replacement of the oxygen atom(s) of the acetate group by sulfur (compounds 3-5) and the olefinic moiety of the enyne function by the isosteric SCH₂ group (compounds 6 and 7). The synthesis and biological activity of 3-[(Z)-12-pentadecen-10-ynylthio]-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (8), a closely related structure to the pheromone is also described.     

石墨烯在钻井液中的研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的物理、化学性质,在钻井液领域得到了一定的研究.本文讨论了石墨烯及其衍生物的结构和特点,概述了石墨烯材料在提高钻井液封堵抑制性,改善钻井液滤失性、流变性和润滑性等方面的研究进展,并探讨了石墨烯材料在钻井液领域的研究和发展方向.     

筛选诱导烟草对烟草花叶病毒产生系统抗性的真菌

真菌产生的代谢产物可激活烟草体内抗病防御相兲酶的表达,诱导烟草产生系统抗性,增强烟草对病毒的抗性。本研究对38种植物病原真菌及45种分离自（恩施、襄樊）土壤、烟叶中的真菌进行了过敏性反应实验和系统抗性实验。结果表明,筛选出了对烟草花叶病毒抗性较强的真菌。在烟草上产生过敏反应的菌株有32个;系统抗性实验中对烟草花叶病毒抑制率较高的菌株有16个,其中,油茶炭疽菌、棉花黄萎病菌、esf-13、esf-3、小麦赤霉、立枯丝核菌、E1、esf-6、xfpf-6等菌株的抗性较高,枯斑抑制率均大于70%,最高可达96.44%。抗性较高的真菌可开发为烟草病毒病诱抗剂。