催化精馏合成N-异丙基苯胺

在Joback基团贡献法估算反应的G ibbs函数的基础上,得到了异丙醇与苯胺合成N-异丙基苯胺的平衡常数与反应温度的关系式。研究了回流比、异丙醇与苯胺的摩尔比、塔釜操作温度、苯胺进料口位置距塔顶的距离对异丙醇与苯胺催化精馏合成N-异丙基苯胺的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件:回流比2.5~3.5、异丙醇与苯胺的摩尔比1.5、塔釜操作温度223℃、苯胺进料口位置距塔顶300~400mm。在优化条件下,苯胺的转化率可达到99%,N-异丙基苯胺的选择性可达到99.5%,N-异丙基苯胺的质量分数可稳定在98.8%以上。     

Performance of Green Solvents in the Extraction of Sunflower Oil from Enzyme-Treated Collets

The main goal of this work is to evaluate the extraction of sunflower oil from enzyme-treated collets using ethanol and isopropanol (IPA) as solvents. The sunflower collets are pretreated with the multienzyme complex Viscozyme L prior to solvent extraction by the Soxhlet method. The influence of the moisture content of the collets, pretreatment, processing time, and solvent type on the amount of total extracted material and the oil extraction efficiency is studied. Some quality parameters such as phospholipid content of the oil and chlorogenic acid content of the residual meal are also analyzed. At low moisture content (7%) the solvents exhibit similar oil extraction ability (98–99%), but with increasing moisture the extraction efficiency of ethanol decreases to about 85%, while no significant differences are observed for IPA. The enzymatic treatment increases the extraction efficiency for all times, especially for ethanol. It is observed that IPA is more efficient in the extraction compared to ethanol, and the amount of nonlipid material is reduced by ≈70%. In addition, the oil extracted with IPA have lower phospholipid content and the residual meal presents a higher chlorogenic acid content. Practical Applications:This work would contribute toward the use of green solvents in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets. Ethanol and isopropanol, used as solvents, present attractive advantages, including low toxicity, good operational security, as well as being obtained from a renewable source. The obtained data provide up-to-date information on the use of these alcohols in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets and the influence of operating conditions, such as moisture content, enzymatic pretreatment of the collets, and the extraction time. Information about oil and meal quality is also reported.     

HS-SPME-GC法测定氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量

采用顶空—固相微萃取—气相色谱联用技术测定了氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量。使用100μmPDMS萃取头,顶空平衡温度为60℃,萃取时间为40 min,2m×3 mm(i.d.)不锈钢色谱柱、内填充10%丁二酸乙二醇聚酯/202酸洗红色担体。外标法定量,丙酮测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.43%,在0.1μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.979 9,回收率为97.8%~103%;异丙醇测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.88%,在0.2μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.980 2,回收率为95.7%~101%。     

异丙醇一步法生产甲基异丁基酮分离过程的研究

本文对异丙醇一步法合成MIBK工艺的分离过程进行了基础测定，包括气液平衡和液液平衡测定。在此基础上。对原有的MIBK分离工艺进行了研究，提出了改进的工艺流程，使MIBK的回收率由32％提高到91．7％．能耗由11,42t水蒸汽／t产品降为8．27t水蒸汽／t产品。     

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young- and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent-extracted cottonseed meal as a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally, deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal. In a bench-top set-up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general animal feed protein source. Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, May 8–12, 1994.     

Recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from fungal mycelia by solvent extraction

Utilization of lipids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) produced by microorganisms requires processes for their efficient recovery from microbial cells. Recovery of EPA from mycelia of the fungusPythium irregulare by solvent extraction with hexane-isopropanol (HIP) in a pilot-plant colloid mill was investigated. Extraction efficiencies of 96% for lipid and EPA were achieved with a 3∶2 (vol/vol) HIP mixture by milling wet, filtered mycelia for 5 min at a solvent/dry solids ratio of 100 L/kg. The process yielded a crude extract that contained up to 96% lipid and an EPA content as high as 24% (with no selectivity for EPA).     

Development of the Acidity of Zirconia-Supported Niobia Catalysts

A series of NbO _x /ZrO₂ catalysts containing up to 2.67wt Nb (ca. 80 nominal surface coverage) was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation from niobium oxalate and oxalic acid solution. The structure of the catalysts was monitored by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated the presence of a surface Nb phase. No evidence for the formation of crystalline Nb₂O₅ species was found. The development of the acidity as a function of Nb loading was monitored by adsorption of a basic probe molecule followed by infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated the appearance of Brnsted acid sites for a threshold of Nb loading. The abundance of Brnsted acid sites correlated well with the isopropanol dehydration activity. The overall behavior was very similar to that reported earlier for the WO _x /ZrO₂ system.     

Diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of phospholipid adsorption onto silicic acid

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the mode of adsorption of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in hexane onto silicic acid (SA). PC adsorption was mainly through the charged phosphate group with minimal binding through the ester carbonyl. When the SA surface with adsorbed PC is washed with hexane, containing a small concentration of isopropanol, the desorbed PC is recovered without structural change, i.e., there is no evidence of PC hydrolysis in the adsorption process. Adsorbent misture probably promotes PC adsorption due to the increased availability of surface water hydroxyl groups for interaction with the PC phosphate groups. Isopropanol promoted PC binding by destabilizing PC reverse miscelles in solution, thus promoting its adsorption.     

Catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol on La2−xSrxNiO4±y

The series of compounds La_2–xSr_xNiO_4±y (0.0 x 1.0) crystallising in tetragonal K₂NiF₄ structure were prepared and catalytic activity have been investigated using isopropanol decomposition as model reaction. All the catalyst compositions catalyse only the dehydrogenation of isopropanol reaction. The composition La_1.5Sr_0.5NiO₄ showed high activity compared to other compositions in the series. The composition is unique not only in catalytic property but also in other physical properties like structural characteristics, electrical resistivity and metal to semiconductor transition.     

萃取和热集成变压精馏分离异丙醇与异丙醚的模拟

异丙醇-异丙醚形成二元共沸物,一般精馏方法很难分离.利用化工过程软件Aspen Plus,在异丙醇和异丙醚产物的摩尔分数达到0.999的条件下,以乙二醇为溶剂的萃取精馏流程和热集成变压精馏流程对异丙醇-异丙醚混合物分离进行模拟.以全年总费用最低为目标,确定萃取精馏流程两塔的理论板数、进料位置和溶剂进料位置以及热集成变压精馏流程的高压塔操作压力,两塔的理论板数,进料位置,得到两种流程的最优操作条件.从模拟结果可知,对于异丙醇-异丙醚混合物的分离,热集成变压精馏所需的全年总费用更低,比萃取精馏的全年总费用降低了10.86％.对于该混合物,热集成变压精馏流程要优于萃取精馏流程.