Biovalorization of brewers’ spent grain for the production of laccase and polyphenols

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the main solid by‐product of the brewing process and is typically disposed of as cattle feed. In this study, BSG was evaluated as a substrate for the production of polyphenols and the lignin‐degrading enzyme laccase using fungal solid‐state fermentation by Trametes versicolor. Laccases are finding increasing applications in the food industry and polyphenols have benefits for human health. After 14 days of fermentation with T. versicolor, there was a 3.4‐fold increase in the extraction of total polyphenols compared with untreated BSG. Using BSG as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, maximum laccase activity was achieved after seven days of treatment with an activity of 560 U/L. Based on these results, BSG is suggested to be a good lignocellulose waste material to produce value‐added products such as the enzyme laccase and polyphenols. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

羟基酪醇酶促聚合产物的表征及其抗氧化和热稳定性

利用漆酶对羟基酪醇(hydroxytyrosol,HT)进行酶促氧化聚合,运用紫外-可见分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱、凝胶色谱和液相色谱-质谱联用对聚合产物进行表征。结果表明,形成的聚合物呈现多分散性(D=2.1),主要生成了三聚体、四聚体、六聚体化合物。同时,以VC和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(dibutyl hydroxy toluene,BHT)为阳性对照,分别通过清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和热重-傅里叶变换红外光谱(thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,TG-FTIR)联用的方法对其进行抗氧化性及热稳定性评价。结果表明,HT聚合物较HT和BHT具有更强的抗氧化性,分别约是其2.28倍和5.7倍,接近于VC(约是其72%)。基于热重微分曲线峰值温度(315.1℃)和残余质量所占百分比(66.09%)结果可知,HT聚合物的热稳定性较VC(228.1℃)、BHT(236.2℃)和HT(314.9℃)更强,且FTIR结果表明,HT聚合物及其他受试化合物均是以羟基断裂开始,脱氢形成醌式结构或脱水碳碳双键。这些数据可为HT的深加工利用提供理论和实践基础。     

Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L3漆酶催化偶氮染料脱色

为考察 Pycnoporus sp. SYBC-L3漆酶Lac-L对偶氮染料的脱色、解毒效果，探究最佳的脱色反应条件，采用单因素分析方法研究了不同的反应条件对Lac-L催化3种偶氮染料（AR1、RB5、RV5R）脱色的影响，得到最佳处理条件，并通过比较被漆酶降解前后的染料对小麦和水稻发芽率及根、芽生长的影响，分析其毒性变化。结果表明：在以HBT为介体、反应温度50 ℃、pH分别为4.0（AR1，RV5R）和5.0（RB5）、漆酶用量1 U/mL、染料初始质量浓度分别为30 mg/L（AR1）和50 mg/L（RB5、RV5R）条件下，漆酶对3种偶氮染料的脱色效率最高，AR1和RV5R几乎完全降解，脱色率达到96.1%和97.8%，而RB5也有83.8%的脱色率。植物毒理实验表明，3种偶氮染料经漆酶降解后对小麦和水稻发芽率没有影响，对胚芽和根生长的抑制作用也有所降低。     

Enhancing laccase stability and activity for dyes decolorization using ZIF-8@MWCNT nanocomposite

The continuous use of chemical dyes in various industries, and their discharge into industrial effluents, results in severe problems to human life and water pollution. Laccases have the ability to decolorize dyes and toxic chemicals in industrial effluents as green biocatalysts. Their possible industrial applications have been limited by poor reusability, low stability, and loss of free laccase action. In this research, laccase was immobilized on zeolitic imidazolate framework coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Laccase@ZIF-8@MWCNTs) via metal affinity adsorption to develop an easy separable and stable enzyme. The optimum reaction conditions for immobilized laccase are at a pH of 3.0 and a temperature of 60?℃. The immobilized laccase was enhanced in storage and thermal stability. The results indicated that Laccase@ZIF-8@MWCNTs still maintained 68% of its original activity after 10 times of repeated use. Most importantly, the biocatalytic system was applied for decolorization of different dyes (20?mg·L^?1) without a mediator, and up to 97.4% for Eriochrome black T and 95.6% Acid red 88 was achieved in 25 min. Biocatalysts with these properties may be used in a variety of environmental and industrial applications.