贵州泡菜中润肠通便功能乳酸菌的筛选及其特性研究

该研究从贵州泡菜中分离鉴定乳酸菌,并筛选具有润肠通便功能的乳酸菌,对其耐受性和黏附性进行评价。美国癌症研究所（ICR）小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性药物对照组（麻仁丸）、乳酸菌组,使用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型。结果显示,从贵州泡菜中分离鉴定出1株产酸能力强的乳酸菌GZ15,被鉴定为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）。通过润肠通便功能动物筛选试验,发现菌株GZ15给药7 d后,便秘小鼠首次排便时间最短,6 h排便粒数、质量和小肠墨汁推进率最高,具有良好的润肠通便功能。菌株GZ15具有良好的酸、胆盐耐受性,且平均每个细胞可以黏附（4.68±0.59）个肠道上皮细胞。结果表明,干酪乳杆菌GZ15具有良好的润肠通便功能,且菌株特性优良,能顺利到达肠道,并黏附于肠道上皮细胞,发挥益生功效。     

肉苁蓉膳食纤维润肠通便功能研究

目的研究肉苁蓉膳食纤维的润肠通便功能,为开发利用肉苁蓉膳食纤维提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法对制得的肉苁蓉膳食纤维进行主要成分分析,将实验小鼠随机分为5组,包括正常对照组、便秘模型组和肉苁蓉膳食纤维低、中、高剂量组。以复方地芬诺酯建立便秘模型,通过测定小鼠的小肠活性炭推进率、首粒黑便的排出时间及其之后6 h内的排便粒数,评价肉苁蓉膳食纤维对小鼠润肠通便功能的影响。结果本研究制得的肉苁蓉膳食纤维中含有88.12%的可溶性膳食纤维。在连续灌胃14天后,肉苁蓉膳食纤维各剂量组小鼠的小肠活性炭推进率均高于便秘模型组,其中,中、高剂量组与便秘模型组间有显著性差异(P0.05);与模型组相比,肉苁蓉膳食纤维各剂量组小鼠的首粒黑便排出时间均有所缩短,6 h排便粒数均有所增加,其中,高剂量组小鼠的首粒黑便排出时间和6 h排便粒数与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论肉苁蓉膳食纤维具有良好的润肠通便功能。     

小麦麸皮戊聚糖的润肠通便效果研究

对小麦麸皮不同组分的润肠通便效果进行研究,发现小麦麸皮碱溶戊聚糖组分(AEP)具有较好的润肠通便效果,而水溶戊聚糖组分(WSP)和剩余麸皮残渣(AEP-R)的润肠通便效果较差.这说明小麦麸皮中起润肠通便作用的是其中的戊聚糖组分,并且戊聚糖的润肠通便效果与其溶解性有关,溶解性较差的组分具有较好的润肠通便效果,水溶性较好的组分润肠通便效果较差.     

Organ Specific Differences in Alteration of Aquaporin Expression in Rats Treated with Sennoside A,Senna Anthraquinones and Rhubarb Anthraquinones

Senna and rhubarb are often used as routine laxatives, but there are differences in mechanism of action and potential side effects. Here, we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones (SAQ), rhubarb anthraquinones (RAQ) and their chemical marker, sennoside A (SA), in a rat diarrhea model. In in vitro biotransformation experiments, SAQ, RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC. In in vivo studies, the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction, with measurement of histopathology and Aqps gene expression in six organs. The results indicated that SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites. A similar profile of Aqps down-regulation for all compounds was seen in the colon, suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation. However, in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats, down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats. Furthermore, the RAQ-rats showed lower Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys, whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys. This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases.     

复合代糖的通便功效及其对肠道菌群的调节作用

本研究通过小鼠实验和菌群体外增殖实验探究复合代糖的通便功效及其对肠道菌群的调节作用。将Balb/c小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组和复合代糖干预G1组(0.75 g/kg·BW)、G2组(1.5 g/kg·BW)、G3组(2.25 g/kg·BW)、G4组(3 g/kg·BW)、G5组(3.75g/kg·BW),用洛哌丁胺建立便秘模型,酚酞和复合代糖进行干预,14d后观察墨汁推进率、首粒黑便时间、6h的排便粒数和6 h粪便重量等指标,评价复合代糖的通便效果。并通过体外培养实验探究复合代糖对小鼠肠道菌群的增殖影响。结果表明,五种剂量的复合代糖干预组均可促进小鼠排便,其中3.75g/kg·BW剂量的通便功效最为显著,相对于模型组,墨汁推进率增加了48.47%、首粒黑便时间减少了67.25 min、6 h排便粒数增加了8.75 n、6 h粪便重量增加了0.20 g。体外培养实验发现0.075 g/mL、0.15g/m L、0.225 g/mL、0.3 g/mL、0.375 g/mL浓度的复合代糖可促进双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的增殖和抑制肠杆菌、肠球菌的增殖,并在0.075g/m L至0.375 g/mL浓度内,浓度越大,促进双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增殖的趋势越明显。本研究的复合代糖具有通便效果,对肠道菌群有调节作用。     

当归润肠茶润肠通便功能和急性毒性研究

本文采用冰水混合物(0~2℃)灌胃建立脾胃虚寒型小鼠便秘模型,用150 mg/kg甲状腺素和2.0 mg/kg氢化可的松联合建立阴虚血瘀型小鼠便秘模型,用10 mg/kg复方地芬诺酯建立慢传输型小鼠便秘模型,研究当归润肠茶对模型小鼠首次排便时间、6h内排便量、粪便含水量和肠推进率的影响,用最大给药量评价当归润肠茶的急性毒性。结果发现,当归润肠茶高、中剂量对脾胃虚寒型便秘小鼠的排便时间显著缩短、排便量和肠推进率显著增加,当归润肠茶对阴虚血瘀型模型小鼠的排便时间显著缩短,当归润肠茶高剂量对阴虚血瘀型模型小鼠的排便量、粪便含水量和肠推进率均显著增加;当归润肠茶对慢传输型便秘小鼠首次排便时间均显著缩短、排便量显著增多,粪便含水量均显著增加、肠推进率均显著升高;按最高浓度最大给药容量灌胃后,当归润肠茶对小鼠未见明显急性毒性反应。说明当归润肠茶具有一定的润肠通便功能,口服安全性较高。     

西番莲果皮中膳食纤维的降脂保肝及润肠通便功能

目的:本研究探讨西番莲果皮中湿法改性膳食纤维的降脂保肝及润肠通便功能。方法:利用高脂饲料构建高脂小鼠模型,以湿法改性膳食纤维灌胃给药6周,测定高、中、低不同给药剂量组的相关指标。结果:与模型对照组相比,阳性对照组、高剂量组和中剂量组小鼠血清总胆固醇水平、甘油三酯水平和丙二醛含量都有所下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物歧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性都有所提升,高剂量组和中剂量组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平下降,且都差异显著。结论:西番莲果皮膳食纤维具有较好的降血脂和保肝功能,并且功效和剂量呈现一定的依赖关系。各灌胃组的小鼠排便量差异不显著,但粪便含水率都显著增加,说明该改性纤维具有一定预防便秘的功效。     

芹菜素对慢传输型便秘小鼠的通便作用

通过小鼠实验和菌群体外培养实验探究芹菜素对慢传输型便秘小鼠的通便作用及其对肠道菌群的调节作用。将Balb/c小鼠分为空白组、模型组和芹菜素干预组,用洛哌丁胺建立慢传输型便秘模型,给予200 mg/kg?BW芹菜素干预便秘,观测首粒黑便时间、6 h排便粒数、粪便重量、墨汁推进率、粪便含水率等指标,评价芹菜素的通便效果。通过体外分离培养各组小鼠的肠道细菌并进行菌落计数,评价芹菜素对便秘小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。与模型组相比,芹菜素干预后小鼠首次排黑便时间减少了25%（p<0.05）,6 h排便粒数增加了0.86倍（p<0.05）、粪便重量增加了1.21倍（p<0.05）、墨汁推进率增加了1.05倍（p<0.05）、粪便含水率增加了0.82倍（p<0.05）。体外培养实验发现芹菜素抑制有害菌（肠杆菌和肠球菌）的生长（p<0.05）,促进益生菌（乳杆菌和双歧杆菌）的生长（p<0.05）。芹菜素对慢传输型便秘小鼠具有通便作用,可能通过调节肠道菌群达到通便效果。     

Preventing constipation: a review of the laxative potential of food ingredients

Constipation is a highly prevalent and difficult‐to‐cure health problem, forcing 10–20% of the worldwide population to seek medical care. Efficacy of treatments varies greatly among individuals, and problems are becoming more frequent despite higher consumption of fibre‐rich foods, the most popular solution for preventing such gastrointestinal disorders. The evidence that consumption of fibre prevents and relieves constipation is unconvincing or uncertain. The food industry has made great efforts to develop fibre‐rich ingredients, especially those from food by‐products and wastes. Except for psyllium and wheat bran, most of these ingredients have intermediate or low laxative potential and their efficacy needs to be confirmed by more clinical studies. This review suggests that there are major discrepancies between the proposed fibre‐enriched ingredients and the consumers' needs. As a lasting solution to prevent constipation, the true impact of dietary fibre and potent food‐grade laxatives might also be limited by overeating.     

大蒜多糖提取物组成成分分析及通便功效研究

分析了大蒜多糖提取物的主要组成成分,并研究了其通便作用。测定了大蒜多糖提取物中水分、灰分、蛋白、总糖及还原糖的含量;采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,观察大蒜多糖提取物和蒜粉对便秘模型小鼠的小肠推进率、首粒黑便时间、6h内排便粒数及重量的影响。结果表明,大蒜多糖提取物的水分含量为6.83%±0.03%,灰分2.60%±0.04%,蛋白0.47%±0.002%,总糖82.32%±0.90%,还原糖0.35%±0.01%;大蒜多糖剂量组均可显著促进便秘模型小鼠小肠推进作用,明显缩短其首粒黑便时间,大蒜多糖的低剂量组还能增加其6h粪便粒数和质量。结论:大蒜多糖提取物对便秘模型小鼠具有润肠通便作用。