粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

本文以木质纤维素/蒙脱土、炭黑为增强材料,制备了天然橡胶复合材料,探讨了以间苯二酚(R-80)、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺(HMMM)和新癸酸钴为主要成分的粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:间-甲-钴粘合体系大幅提高了天然橡胶复合材料的焦烧时间(T_(10))和正硫化时间(T_(90)),降低了其硫化速度(V_(C1));力学测试显示,粘合体系对复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和断裂伸长率的影响相当大;提高了复合材料的邵氏A硬度、密度和耐磨性。     

Biochemical Characterization of Pyranose Oxidase from Streptomyces canus—Towards a Better Understanding of Pyranose Oxidase Homologues in Bacteria

Pyranose oxidase (POx, glucose 2-oxidase; EC 1.1.3.10, pyranose:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase) is an FAD-dependent oxidoreductase and a member of the auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes (subfamily AA3_4) in the CAZy database. Despite the general interest in fungal POxs, only a few bacterial POxs have been studied so far. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a POx from Streptomyces canus (ScPOx), the sequence of which is positioned in a separate, hitherto unexplored clade of the POx phylogenetic tree. Kinetic analyses revealed that ScPOx uses monosaccharide sugars (such as d-glucose, d-xylose, d-galactose) as its electron-donor substrates, albeit with low catalytic efficiencies. Interestingly, various C- and O-glycosides (such as puerarin) were oxidized by ScPOx as well. Some of these glycosides are characteristic substrates for the recently described FAD-dependent C-glycoside 3-oxidase from Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum. Here, we show that FAD-dependent C-glycoside 3-oxidases and pyranose oxidases are enzymes belonging to the same sequence space.     

木质纤维素甲酸预处理及其组分分离

以玉米芯为研究对象,提出了常压中温条件下甲酸预处理木质纤维素组分分离的工艺. 在该体系中半纤维素迅速发生水解,大部分木质素被溶解,而纤维素基本不发生水解,经固液分离和甲酸回收实现了玉米芯全组分分离. 考察了预处理温度、时间和甲酸浓度对玉米芯各组分分离效果及水解产物(可溶性糖)含量的影响规律,结果表明,随着反应的进行,甲酸溶液中可溶性糖和木质素量先迅速增大,随后趋于平衡;在50~75℃间对各组分分离的影响不明显. 综合考虑分离效果和成本,选择最佳反应温度为60℃,处理时间为3 h,甲酸浓度为88%(w). 在该条件下,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素回收率分别可达91.4%, 88.5%和63.7%.     

不同菌材培养料对茶树菇生长特性及营养品质的影响

目的 研究不同菌材培养料对茶树菇(Agrocybe chaxingu)生长特性和营养品质影响。方法 以贵州常见菌材构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、光皮桦(Betula luminifera)、青冈(Quercus glauca)为栽培料,测定比较木材理化特性对茶树菇农艺性状及粗蛋白、多糖、粗脂肪、矿质元素和氨基酸含量的影响。结果 4种菌材对茶树菇菌丝生长速率影响不显著;构树培养茶树菇农艺性状最佳,其次为光皮桦;刺槐培养茶树菇粗脂肪和多糖含量最丰富。青冈培养茶树菇常量元素K、Mg、Ca、Na含量最高,构树培养茶树菇微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu含量最高;光皮桦培养茶树菇总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和限制性氨基酸含量最高。粗蛋白、Cu、Fe、Zn、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、Ca、Mg、苏氨酸、多糖、粗脂肪、K依次为区分4种菌材培养茶树菇主要指标。菌丝生长速率与全氮含量呈负相关性,培养基中菌丝生长速率与菌材半纤维素含量呈显著正相关性;子实体重量与木质素含量呈显著正相关性。结论 菌材理化性质对茶树菇生长及营养品质具有显著影响。构树和青冈培育茶...     

Dual‐bed catalyst system for the direct synthesis of high density aviation fuel with cyclopentanone from lignocellulose

In this article, we demonstrated an integrated process for the direct production of tri(cyclopentane) with cyclopentanone which can be obtained from lignocellulose. The reaction was carried out in a dual‐bed continuous flow reactor. In the first bed, cyclopentanone was selectively converted to 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol over the Pd‐MgAl‐HT (hydrotalcite) catalyst. Under solvent‐free and mild conditions (443 K, 0.1 MPa H₂), high carbon yield (81.2%) of 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was achieved. Subsequently, the 2,5‐dicyclopentylcyclopentanol was further hydrodeoxygenated to tri(cyclopentane) in the second bed. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ni‐Hβ‐DP prepared by deposition‐precipitation (DP) method exhibited the highest activity for the hydrodeoxygenation step. By using Pd‐MgAl‐HT as the first bed catalyst and Ni‐Hβ‐DP as the second bed catalyst, tri(cyclopentane) was directly produced at high carbon yield (80.0%) with cyclopentanone as feedstock. This polycycloalkane has high density (0.91 kg/L) and can be used as additive to improve the density and volumetric heating value of bio‐jet fuel. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2754–2761, 2016     

Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics with Neutrons: The View from Simulation

The characterization of the structure and internal dynamics of biomolecules is essential to understanding their biological function. Neutron scattering probes similar time- and length-scales to molecular dynamics simulation. Hence, simulation models of biomolecules have become invaluable in the interpretation of experimental neutron data. Here, we report on advances in the application of simulation in developing neutron scattering to investigate internal protein motions and, as an example of industrial relevance, in the derivation of physical models of use in biofuel renewable energy research.     

Enhanced microbial oil production by activated sludge microorganisms via co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose

The co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose by activated sludge microorganisms for the production of microbial oils for use as biodiesel feedstock was investigated. Various carbon sources at initial concentration of 60 g/L and C:N ratio 70:1 were investigated: xylose, glucose, and 2:1 and 1:2 (by mass) glucose/xylose mixtures. Oil accumulation ranged between 12 to 22% CDW, the highest of which was obtained when xylose was the sole substrate used. Kinetic modeling of the fermentation data showed that specific growth and oil accumulation rates were similar in all substrate types and the lipid coefficient ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 g/g of sugar consumed. The fatty acid methyl ester yield and composition of the lipids showed their suitability for conversion to biodiesel. Based on the results, lignocellulose sugars could be used as fermentation substrates by activated sludge microorganisms for enhancing the oil content of sewage sludge for its use as a sustainable biofuel feedstock source. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4036–4044, 2013     

由木质纤维素发酵乳酸制备生物质塑料的研究进展

综述了生物质塑料聚乳酸(PLA)的发展、乳酸发酵工艺以及木质纤维素原料发酵制备乳酸的研究。     

纤维素酶和米根霉同时糖化发酵纤维素为L-乳酸

研究了纤维素原料经机械粉碎、稀酸处理、氨处理、蒸爆水洗处理后 ,用里氏木霉所产纤维素酶和米根霉对其进行同时糖化发酵生产L 乳酸 ;并与稀酸处理物料分别酶解发酵进行了对比。结果表明 ,实验条件下 ,粉碎处理、稀酸处理、氨处理、蒸爆水洗处理物料的L 乳酸发酵产量分别为 13 4mg/mL、18 1mg/mL、15 5mg/mL和 19 6mg/mL ,与分别酶解发酵相比 ,同时糖化发酵过程周期短。     

利用一株凝结芽孢杆菌发酵酸解玉米秸秆生产乳酸

该研究拟考察凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）利用玉米秸秆生物炼制乳酸的效果。以凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.7635为菌种,利用2%硫酸预处理后的玉米秸秆为碳源、20 g/L酵母粉为氮源,添加20 FPU/g纤维素酶后开展糖化发酵生产乳酸实验。结果表明,发酵65 h后可获得乳酸含量为（38.38±1.03） g/L,其中L-乳酸光学纯度为（99.23±0.22）%。进一步使用补料发酵工艺,添加经预处理的玉米秸秆,可最终获得乳酸含量为（82.56±1.28） g/L。建立的玉米秸秆生物炼制乳酸工艺操作简单、产物浓度高,具有工业应用潜力。