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1.
Three Brønsted acidic imidazole dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) with different length of alkyl chains, [Cn(Mim)2][HSO4]2 (n = 3, 6, 12), were prepared and used as catalyst for the esterification reaction of free fatty acids and methanol. Taking oleic acid as model acid, the catalytic performances of the synthesized ILs for the esterification were evaluated. The main physicochemical properties of the ILs, thermal stability, acidity, solubility in common solvents, and causticity on Austenitic stainless steel 316, were examined. [C3(Mim)2][HSO4]2 demonstrated the highest catalytic activity and enabled to assess the preliminary optimum esterification condition of oleic acid and methanol. Under optimized reaction conditions, the yield of oleic acid methyl ester was up to 95 %. The ILs have great potential as catalysts for producing fatty acid methyl esters from long‐chain free fatty acids. 相似文献
2.
Avneet Kaur Neha Bhardwaj Amanpreet Kaur Km Abida Tejo Prakash Nagaraja Amjad Ali Ranjana Prakash 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2021,98(2):139-147
Epoxidized methyl esters (EMO) with their high oxirane ring reactivity, acts as a raw material in the synthesis of various industrial chemicals including polymers, stabilizers, plasticizers, glycols, polyols, carbonyl compounds, biolubricants etc. EMO has been generally quantified by the gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Taking into the account of the limitations of these techniques, two qHNMR-based equations have been proposed for the quantification of EMO in the mixture of EMO and methylesters (MO). The validity of the proposed method was determined using standard mixtures of MO and EMO having different molar concentrations. The developed equations have been applied on the samples of EMO prepared from oleic acid in two-step process viz., esterification followed by epoxidation. The qHNMR-based EMO quantification showed acceptable agreement with the results obtained from HPLC analysis. 相似文献
3.
Klare M. Lazor Junhui Zhou Kristen E. DeMeester Elizabeth A. D'Ambrosio Dr. Catherine L. Grimes 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2019,20(11):1369-1375
The innate immune system's interaction with bacterial cells plays a pivotal role in a variety of human diseases. Carbohydrate units derived from a component of bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan (PG), are known to stimulate an immune response. Nonetheless, access to modified late-stage peptidoglycan intermediates is limited due to their synthetic complexity. A method to rapidly functionalize PG fragments is needed to better understand the natural host–PG interactions. Here methyl N,O-hydroxylamine linkers are incorporated onto a synthetic PG derivative, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The modification of MDP maintained the ability to stimulate a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) immune response dependent on the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2). Intrigued by this modification's maintenance of biological activity, several applications were explored. Methyl N,O-hydroxylamine MDP was amendable to N-hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS) chemistry for bioconjugation to fluorophores as well as a self-assembled monolayer for Nod2 surface plasmon resonance analysis. Finally, linker incorporation was applicable to larger PG fragments, both enzymatically generated from Escherichia coli or chemically synthesized. This methodology provides rapid access to PG probes in one step and allows for the installation of a variety of chemical handles to advance the molecular understanding of PG and the innate immune system. 相似文献
4.
以大豆甾醇和油酸为原料,在酶的催化下合成大豆甾醇油酸酯,采用高效液相色谱对产物进行定性定量分析,通过单因素实验考察催化剂脂肪酶的种类和用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等对大豆甾醇油酸酯产率的影响,并通过正交实验优化大豆甾醇油酸酯的合成工艺条件。采用红外光谱对产物进行了表征。结果表明:大豆甾醇油酸酯的最佳合成工艺条件为催化剂N435脂肪酶用量6%(以大豆甾醇和油酸的总质量计)、醇酸摩尔比1∶1、反应温度50℃、反应时间30 h、异辛烷用量10 mL(大豆甾醇为1 mmol时),在最佳条件下大豆甾醇油酸酯产率为86. 51%;红外表征说明合成的产物为大豆甾醇油酸酯。 相似文献
5.
将聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒溶解到二乙烯基苯(DVB)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)与偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的混合物中,通过加热引发MA聚合,获得PS/交联PMA共混物, 采用釜压法制备了PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫。采用全自动视频光学接触角测试仪、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、动态力学分析仪对PS/交联PMA共混物的结构和性能进行了表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜对PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫的结构进行了表征。结果表明,交联PMA的引入能提高体系的成核效率,随着MA用量的增加,PS/交联PMA共混物的接触角从PS的100.5 °降至86.1 °;当MA的用量为9.6份(质量份,下同)时,PS/交联PMA共混物的泡孔尺寸主要分布在40~60 μm之间,泡孔尺寸分布明显变窄,泡孔密度达到了1.2×108 个/cm3。 相似文献
6.
7.
针对抗生素类药物在耐药性菌株处理中应用的局限性,在聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-co-甲基丙烯酸)纺丝液中添加光敏剂竹红菌素,采用静电纺丝法制备具有光动力广谱抗菌功能的纳米纤维膜。借助扫描电子显微镜、静态接触角测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪等分析添加竹红菌素前后纳米纤维的形貌、润湿性能、化学结构和热稳定性,并研究了添加竹红菌素的纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌能力。结果表明:添加竹红菌素后纳米纤维直径变粗,静态接触角增加约20°,润湿性能下降,热稳定性略有降低;纤维膜在可见光下具有良好的光动力氧化性能,在光照下对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达99.97%和54.41%。 相似文献
8.
Shafirah Samsuri Ngiam Li Jian Farah Wahida Jusoh Eduard Hernández Yáñez Noor Yahida Yahya 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(3):447-456
The application of solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) is based on the addition of a solvent, here 1-butanol, to crude biodiesel to catalyze the purification process by separating biodiesel from contaminants via crystallization process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process parameters of SAC, represented by biodiesel purity. The purified biodiesel was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the composition of the present fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Under the predicted optimum process conditions within the experimental ranges for the highest biodiesel purity, the predicted biodiesel purity was 99.375 %. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ziba Jahanbakhsh Bakhshali Massoumi 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2020,59(17):1932-1943
ABSTRACT In this work, novel magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents were prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto chitosan backbones by using epichlorohydrin as a crosslinker and in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The composition of β-CD-chitosan nanocomposites was characterized via FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and VSM. Then, the as-prepared nanocomposites were treated for elimination of methyl orange (MO). The results indicated that the adsorption of MO exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 314 mg g?1 at 25°C. Moreover, the rates and isotherm data of adsorption matched excellent at different MO concentrations (10, 60, and 120 mg/L) using second-order and Langmuir models with the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 and 9990, respectively. Besides, the thermodynamic data confirmed MO adsorption as an endothermic process. The adsorbent was also confirmed as good materials for re-use and maintained 88% of its initial adsorption capacity for MO after the fifth regeneration cycles. In conclusion, the synthesized magnetic nanocomposites can be applied as cost-effective dye adsorbents with high regeneration efficiency. 相似文献