远志多糖对力竭运动小鼠体内抗疲劳和体外抗氧化作用研究

为了探讨远志多糖的体内、外活性，采用力竭运动动物模型，给予受试动物低、中、高剂量（0.10、0.20、0.40 mg/g·d）远志多糖后，分别测定各组动物负重游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸、尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶的活力和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，与空白对照组相较，低、中、高剂量的远志多糖分别延长小鼠的负重游泳时间96.6 s （P<0.05）、254.4 s （P<0.01）和421.8 s （P<0.01），肝糖原含量分别提高13.1%（P<0.05）、37.4%（P<0.01）和56.4%（P<0.01），肌糖原含量分别提高10.8%（P<0.05）、31.2%（P<0.01）和42.0%（P<0.01），运动后乳酸含量分别下降4.6%（P<0.05）、8.6%（P<0.01）和14.5%（P<0.01），尿素氮含量分别降低1.5%（P<0.05）、3.9%（P<0.01）和7.5%（P<0.01），乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高10.4%（P<0.01）、14.0%（P<0.01）和19.9%（P<0.01）。当远志多糖浓度为4 mg/mL时，对羟基自由基清除率和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为61.3%和79.5%，表明远志多糖有助于缓解机体疲劳，且体外抗氧化性较好。     

药食同源植物丁香各部位抗营养因子分析

结合食品饲料安全国家标准以及文献方法,对药食同源丁香植株花蕾、果实、枝、叶部位的抗营养因子进行研究分析。结果表明:丁香花蕾、果实、枝、叶各部位的主要抗营养因子含量均处于食品或饲料的正常范围。植酸含量果实最低为33.24 mg/g。胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性各部位较接近,其中果实含量最高为44.2 mg/g。植物凝集素含量叶最低,微凝血试验中果实和叶表现出微弱的凝血反应。单宁酸含量枝最低,草酸含量花蕾最低。可溶性非淀粉多糖含量果实最低,含量为0.278 mg/g。从几类主要抗营养因子含量来看,各部位含量均较接近,且各抗营养因子在各部位中的含量趋势都有所不同且各有高低。     

不同醇沉竹荪多糖组分对青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用的影响

本文以竹荪为原料提取多糖成分并以乙醇分级制备竹荪多糖(DPs)不同组分,通过青春双歧杆菌体外增殖试验初步评价竹荪多糖及其分级醇沉组分的益生元功效。结果显示在α-淀粉酶溶液中水解4 h后,20%、40%、50%、60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为9.10%、8.02%、8.88%、11.67%,与对照组菊粉(水解度13.15%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分与菊粉对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟胃液中水解6 h后,20%、40%、50%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为17.30%、14.52%、9.61%,与对照组菊粉(水解度5.72%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分水解度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着竹荪多糖添加量的增加,青春双歧杆菌的菌体浓度呈现先增大而后不断减小的趋势。分级醇沉浓度达到80%的竹荪多糖组分和未分级的多糖组分,青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用与pH下降显著且效果优于菊粉(P<0.05),并在20 h的发酵时间内两者表现出相似的效果。不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分对青春双歧杆菌均有增殖效果,且不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分的增殖效果和抗水解能力随乙醇浓度的增加而增强,未分级的多糖组分同样可以加强青春双歧杆菌增殖能力,具有益生元潜力。     

Effects of polysaccharides and polyphenolics fractions of Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. kitamura) on α‐glucosidase activity and blood glucose level and glucose tolerance of hyperglycaemic mice

The effects of polysaccharides, theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownin fractions of Zijuan tea on α‐glucosidase and blood glucose level and intolerance of hyperglycaemic mice were evaluated. The polysaccharides or theaflavins fraction exhibited greater inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase than acarbose positive control, thearubigins fraction or theabrownin fraction. The four fractions were delivered to the treatment mice through oval gavage each day for 15 days. The mice in polysaccharides and theaflavins high‐ and low‐dose and theabrownin high‐dose treatments significantly lowered their blood glucose levels while all the treatment mice gained body weight. The mice in polysaccharides, theaflavins and theabrownin high‐ and low‐dose treatments had greater glucose tolerance as well. Thus, the theaflavins and polysaccharides fractions of Zijuan tea effectively moderated the complications of hyperglycaemic mice. The lower effectiveness of thearubigins and theabrownin fractions may be caused by the highly polymerised polyphenolics which decreased their accessibility to α‐glucosidase and digestibility in mice.     

膜分离与醇沉技术纯化猴头菇粗多糖的比较

研究膜分离和醇沉两种技术对猴头菇粗多糖分离效果及其抗氧化活性的影响。以猴头菇子实体为原料,通过热水浸提后分别用醇沉、纳滤、纳滤+醇沉、微滤+纳滤、微滤+纳滤+醇沉5种方法得到猴头菇粗多糖,分别记为A-He P、B-He P、C-He P、D-He P和E-He P。比较5种方法对猴头菇粗多糖的分离纯化效果、理化性质和抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明,微滤+纳滤技术分离纯化效果较好,其粗多糖得率为10.08%,纯度为43.01%,提取液中80.34%的多糖得到保留。经傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,5种工艺处理获得的粗多糖样品均具有典型的吡喃型葡聚糖和β-型糖苷键吸收峰。5种处理获得的粗多糖样品中均含一定量的蛋白质,且B-He P的蛋白质量分数高于C-He P,说明微滤处理可以除去部分蛋白而提高多糖的纯度。还原力、·OH、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除结果表明,5种粗多糖样品均具有一定的抗氧化能力,且D-He P的抗氧化能力最佳。     

Reaction Characteristics of Polysaccharide-Iodine Complexes: A Mini-review

The potential reactions between natural polysaccharides and iodine and their products have been explored for a long time. Due to the complex factors that can influence these reactions, a clear-cut mechanism has not yet been developed. Starch-iodine complexes, especially the amylose-iodine complex, are the most investigated of the polysaccharide-iodine reactions, and the study of this reaction can be used as a basis for the investigation of other polysaccharide-iodine reactions. In this paper, significant aspects of the reaction were introduced, including the influence of the polysaccharide structure on the properties of the resulting complexes, the relationship between the concentration of CaCl_2 and formation of the final products, as well as the form of the polyiodides in these complexes. The interior structure and the surface morphology of the complexes were discussed, along with the progress in research related to this reaction.     

Analysis of Flax Fiber Cell-Wall Non-Cellulosic Polysaccharides Under Different Weather Conditions (Marylin Variety)

The cell-wall composition has been analyzed for 13 batches of flax fibers grown over 3 years under 3 different weather conditions including a ‘normal one, a harsh drought and a rainy weather. It was found that both stresses, drought and excess of rain induced a decrease of uronic acid in the matrix and an increase of the structuring pectins. Besides, a drought led to an increase of hemicellulose polysaccharides (+24%) whereas an excess of rainfall caused a rise in the amount of so-called structuring pectins (+67%). As the fiber’s mechanical properties remained the same over the years, it was assumed that the cell-wall composition was modified to preserve the mechanical role of the fiber in the stem.