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1.
CO2与乙烷反应是实现碳减排目标、利用非常规能源的重要手段,符合国家重大需求和国际学术前沿。其中,二氧化碳通过“活性氧”机理、“晶格氧”机理以及“反应耦合”机理促进乙烷的活化。通过催化剂设计选择性地断裂C—H/C—C键,可以实现反应定向地按照两条路径进行——乙烷干重整反应(DRE)和乙烷氧化脱氢(ODH)。综述了DRE和ODH两类反应的热力学、反应物活化机制和催化剂研究进展,分析了催化剂均存在产物选择性低、易烧结、积炭问题的主要影响因素以及催化剂设计和改进策略,并对该研究未来的发展方向进行展望。  相似文献   
2.
The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.  相似文献   
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This study investigated the effects of l -lysine (Lys) and l -histidine (His) on the oxidative characteristics and gel properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MP). Results showed that Lys and His had a strong ferrous ion-chelating ability and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity. Moreover, Lys and His inhibited the protein carbonyl formation and MP aggregation at 0.2 M and 0.6 M NaCl, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 2 and 4 mg mL−1 Lys and His decreased the oxidation-induced loss of the tertiary structure of MP accompanied by the lower surface hydrophobicity. The water-holding capacity and gel strength of MP gels increased with increasing Lys and His concentrations due to more regular and lamellar structures with smaller and homogeneous pores at 0.6 M NaCl and more orderly crosslinking via fibrous filament at 0.2 M NaCl. In summary, Lys and His chelated the ferrous ions and scavenged hydroxyl radicals, decreased the oxidation-induced physicochemical changes, thus preventing oxidative damage during the formation of a three-dimensional gel network, which resulted in better gel quality.  相似文献   
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目的:研究菌菇复合多糖(FHP)的抗氧化效果及作用机制。方法:用化学方法评价FHP体外自由基清除效率,通过秀丽线虫的氧化胁迫存活率试验评价FHP体内抗氧化效果;通过线虫体内氧化胁迫水平检测,胁迫应激关键转录因子活性及其效应基因表达检测和抗氧化酶活性试验等研究FHP的抗氧化活性;通过线虫的寿命试验及脂褐素水平检测研究FHP的抗衰老活性。结果:FHP表现出比单一组成多糖更好的体外自由基清除效率以及更好的延长秀丽线虫氧化胁迫存活率的抗氧化活性。线虫体内试验结果表明,FHP不仅可以提高秀丽线虫的氧化胁迫存活率,降低线虫体内ROS水平及MDA含量,而且还可以激活胁迫应激转录因子SKN-1和DAF-16的活性及其下游效应基因的表达,并增强抗氧化酶SOD和GPx的活性。然而,FHP不影响秀丽线虫的寿命及体内脂褐素的积累水平。结论:FHP虽可增强秀丽线虫的氧化胁迫抗性,但不影响秀丽线虫的衰老,其抗氧化活性机制与激活胁迫应激转录因子SKN-1和DAF-16,影响其下游效应体活性相关。  相似文献   
6.
为探究低剂量酒精摄入对不同性别2型糖尿病(T2DM)小鼠影响的差异性及可能机制,采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)处理高脂高糖饲料喂养的小鼠构建T2DM模型,以灌胃200 mg/(kg·d)二甲双胍的T2DM小鼠为阳性对照,连续灌胃低剂量酒精(0.033 mL/d)30 d后,测定不同性别小鼠的糖脂代谢相关指标和胰腺组织氧化应激水平,并观察胰腺组织中胰岛的损伤、测定胰岛素的表达情况。结果表明,连续30 d摄入低剂量酒精可加重T2DM雄性小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱及胰腺组织中胰岛损伤,降低胰岛素表达量,上调T2DM雄性小鼠胰腺组织氧化应激水平,但并未对T2DM雌性小鼠产生显著影响,推测胰腺组织氧化应激水平的差异性影响可能是低剂量酒精对不同性别T2DM小鼠产生差异影响的主要机制之一。  相似文献   
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Doxorubicin increases endothelial permeability, hence increasing cardiomyocytes’ exposure to doxorubicin (DOX) and exposing myocytes to more immediate damage. Reactive oxygen species are major effector molecules of doxorubicin’s activity. Mangiferin (MGN) is a xanthone derivative that consists of C-glucosylxanthone with additional antioxidant properties. This particular study assessed the effects of MGN on DOX-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ (HUVECs’) signaling networks. Mechanistically, MGN dramatically elevated Nrf2 expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels through the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to an increase in Nrf2-downstream genes. Cell apoptosis was assessed with a caspase-3 activity assay, transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess DNA fragmentation, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. DOX markedly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, PARP, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cell numbers, but reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and antioxidants’ intracellular concentrations. These were effectively antagonized with MGN (20 μM), which led to HUVECs being protected against DOX-induced apoptosis, partly through the PI3K/AKT-mediated NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which could theoretically protect the vessels from severe DOX toxicity.  相似文献   
9.
Proximal tubular (PT) acidosis, which alkalinizes the urinary filtrate, together with Ca2+ supersaturation in PT can induce luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystal formation. While such CaP crystals are known to act as a nidus for CaP/calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed stone formation, the regulation of PT luminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) under elevated pH and/or high [Ca2+] conditions are unknown. Since we found that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) knockout (KO; -/-) mice could produce mild hypercalciuria with CaP urine crystals, we alkalinized the tubular pH in TRPC3-/- mice by oral acetazolamide (0.08%) to develop mixed urinary crystals akin to clinical signs of calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL). Our ratiometric (λ340/380) intracellular [Ca2+] measurements reveal that such alkalization not only upsurges Ca2+ influx into PT cells, but the mode of Ca2+ entry switches from receptor-operated to store-operated pathway. Electrophysiological experiments show enhanced bicarbonate related current activity in treated PT cells which may determine the stone-forming phenotypes (CaP or CaP/CaOx). Moreover, such alkalization promotes reactive oxygen species generation, and upregulation of calcification, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in PT cells, which were exacerbated in absence of TRPC3. Altogether, the pH-induced alteration of the Ca2+ signaling signature in PT cells from TRPC3 ablated mice exacerbated the pathophysiology of mixed urinary stone formation, which may aid in uncovering the downstream mechanism of CaNL.  相似文献   
10.
汪林  蒲思淇  王明新  薛金娟  韩莹 《化工进展》2022,41(4):2171-2179
化学氧化可快速高效修复石油污染土壤,但很少关注研究其对土壤质量的影响以及残留污染物的环境风险。本文以过碳酸钠(SPC)为氧化剂,以柠檬酸(CA)/硫酸亚铁[Fe(Ⅱ)]为催化剂,分析了其对柴油污染土壤的修复效率,分析了柴油中不同组分的降解特征,通过残留初始总石油烃(TPH)有效性和浸提液生物毒性变化提示不同处理的环境风险,通过有机碳和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析修复前后土壤特性变化。结果表明,SPC单独处理效率较低,CA/Fe(Ⅱ)显著提高了TPH去除率。FTIR光谱表明,处理后土壤样品的Si—O—Si、C—H和—OH振动增强。气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)图谱表明,残留TPH组分主要为长链烷烃(C16~C21)。羟丙基-β-环糊精(HPCD)浸提液发光抑制率随着浸提液pH的增加而增加,表明SPC投加量过多产生的强碱性对土壤生物毒性具有显著影响。增加CA投加量对TPH去除率的促进幅度大于SPC和FeSO4,且有助于降低残留TPH的生物有效性和提升土壤总有机碳(TOC)含量。采用化学氧化修复有机污染土壤应进行环境风险分析并对修复条件进行优化。  相似文献   
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