神经性贝类毒素免疫亲和柱的制备与应用

通过纯化PbTX-2单克隆抗体,以琼脂糖凝胶(sepharose 4B)为载体制备神经性贝类毒素(NSP)免疫亲和柱,并建立NSP的免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品以含80%甲醇水溶液提取,PBS缓冲液稀释,经过NSP免疫亲和柱净化和富集后进行LCMS/MS测试分析。同时对上样液、淋洗液、洗脱液等亲和柱参数进行优化。结果表明:NSP免疫亲和柱对贝类样品有很好的净化作用,降低了贝类基质中脂肪、蛋白质、色素、分泌黏液等杂质干扰,提高了样品回收率。在40~800μg/kg范围内样品加标平均回收率为82.95%~112.95%,相对标准偏差为1.27%~2.94%。该NSP免疫亲和柱净化效果强、灵敏度高且受基质干扰小,适用于贝类中神经性贝类毒素的分析测定。     

一起由沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌混合引起的食物中毒病原分析

目的对引起食物中毒相关样品进行病原菌的分离、鉴定和耐药分析。方法参照GB 4789系列标准的方法流程对采集的食物样本进行沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、副溶血弧菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌共5项致病菌指标检测,按照纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行药敏实验。结果从食物中毒样品中检出肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,确定为二者混合感染引起的食物中毒。药敏结果显示肠炎沙门氏菌对多数抗生素敏感,金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性强,对链霉素、头孢噻肟、氯霉素、红霉素有一定的耐药性。结论本起事件是由肠炎沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌混合感染引起的食物中毒事件,建议食品卫生监管人员应加强对餐饮环节的监督引导,避免类似事件发生。     

一起误食光硬皮马勃中毒事件调查

目的 对2019年9月4日发生在云南省楚雄彝族自治州的一起误食光硬皮马勃中毒事件进行调查分析,明确中毒原因,总结中毒特点及救治方法,为该蘑菇中毒事件的处置提供借鉴。方法 收集中毒病例资料、进行流行病学调查、对蘑菇样品进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。结果 2例患者各进食了约50 g购买于市场的马勃后,出现了腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻及低血压的症状,潜伏期0.5～1 h,经过对症治疗后好转出院。蘑菇标本经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为光硬皮马勃。结论 此次事件是因误食光硬皮马勃引起的急性中毒事件。光硬皮马勃与可食用的云南硬皮马勃外形相似,常因误食而中毒。鉴于很多毒蘑菇与一些食用菌形态上极为相似而导致误采误食,建议不要随意采食野生蘑菇。     

Pd coated one-dimensional Ag nanostructures: Controllable architecture and their electrocatalytic performance for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media

One-dimensional (1D) metal-coated Pd structures are efficient catalysts for the ethanol electro-oxidation and promising strategy for minimizing the Pd-loading toward commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Herein, the decorated and core-shell architectures of a novel Pd coating on Ag nanowires (PdAg-NWs) are controllable by a two-step polyol method based on the galvanic replacement reaction. The integration of uniform shell with a low Pd concentration and partial hollow structure onto 1D PdAg-NWs exhibits the highest efficiency for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution. In comparison with Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs/C), the PdAgNWs/C performes 11 times superior EOR activity, and the onset potential shifts 80 mV negatively. The presence of Ag in PdAg-NWs enhances the absorption capacity of ethanol molecules and hydroxyl ions on the active sites, and improves the catalyst tolerance to CO-like intermediates, making them a potential anodic catalyst for DEFCs.     

One-step synthesis of Ni/yttrium-doped barium zirconates catalyst for on-site hydrogen production from NH3 decomposition

On-site produced hydrogen from ammonia decomposition can directly fuel solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for power generation. The key issue in ammonia decomposition is to improve the activity and stability of the reaction at low temperatures. In this study, proton-conducting oxides, Ba(Zr,Y) O_3-δ (BZY), were investigated as potential support materials to load Ni metal by a one-step impregnation method. The influence of Ni loading, Ba loading, and synthesis temperature, of Ni/BZY catalysts on the catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition were investigated. The Ni/BZY catalyst with Ba loading of 20 wt%, Ni loading of 30 wt%, and synthesized at 900 °C attained the highest ammonia conversion of 100% at 600 °C. The kinetics analysis revealed that for Ni/BZY catalyst, the hydrogen poisoning effect for ammonia decomposition was significantly suppressed. The reaction order of hydrogen for the optimized Ni/BZY catalyst was estimated as low as ?0.07, which is the lowest to the best of our knowledge, resulting in the improvement in the activity. H₂ temperature programmed reduction and desorption analysis results suggested that a strong interaction between Ni and BZY support as well as the hydrogen storage capability of the proton-conducting support might be responsible for the promotion of ammonia decomposition on Ni/BZY. Based on the experimental data, a mechanism of hydrogen spillover from Ni to BZY support is proposed.     

受限空间安全作业管理浅析

受限空间因受作业场所限制,存在的危险因素较多,受限空间安全管理控制措施为:建立许可制,落实责任和措施,做好受限空间作业人员的个体防护,对受限空间作业的安全管理要实行从审批到应急处理全过程的控制。介绍了受限空间的危险特点和事故类型,提出了受限空间作业安全管理的具体措施。     

Deactivation of hydrodesulfurization catalysts during reactor startup

Metal sulfide catalysts for ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization of diesel generally lose a fraction of their catalytically active sites during reactor startup. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. A laboratory diagnostic tool consisting of three probe molecules is developed for testing metal sulfide catalysts' start-of-run (SOR) activity maintenance. It is found that a significant fraction of the active sites on a commercial supported catalyst are deactivated permanently, but this is not the case with a bulk metal sulfide catalyst. The SOR deactivation of the bulk catalyst is completely reversible, while that of the supported catalyst is partially reversible. The diagnostic tool may provide a basis for developing a high-throughput approach for evaluating and enhancing catalyst SOR stability, thereby increasing plant productivity.     

Preparation and characterization of Pt nanoparticles supported on a Fe-doped hydroxyapatite-activated Vulcan XC72 composite material

In this research, the hydroxyapatite (HAp) could be directly deposited on carbon black (CB), which was the modified surface to generate more OH⁻ free radicals to strengthen the bond between HAp and CB, before adding ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O) to engage the ion exchange with Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺ to obtain FeHAp-CB composites. The Pt nanoparticles were then reduced on the FeHAp-CB composite surface to derive a Pt/FeHAp-CB catalyst of dual function. The catalyst revealed a steep desorption peak at −0.180 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in a hydrogen oxidation reaction ascribed to the characteristics of Pt (110) facet and the CO detoxication function in the methanol oxidation reaction. The superior performance of Pt/FeHAp-CB/CB catalyst was apparently related to the Pt (110) surface, the Fe concentration, and the homogeneous dispersion of Pt particles on the FeHAp-CB composites. And, the ratio of coexisting Pt⁰ and Pt²⁺ within Pt/FeHAp-CB/CB catalyst would definitely affect chemical stability and mass activity. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that a high quantity of Pt⁰ could improve mass activity, while a high quantity of Pt²⁺ contributed to chemical stability.     

2012—2017年云南省有毒动植物中毒事件分析

目的 探讨2012—2017年云南省有毒动植物中毒事件的发生规律和特点,为制定预防和控制措施提供依据。方法 对2012—2017年云南省报告的有毒动植物中毒事件资料建立数据库,并按时间、地区、场所、中毒因素等进行统计分析。结果 共报告有毒动植物中毒事件530起,发病4 147人,死亡64人。第四季度为发病高峰,报告起数、发病人数和死亡人数分别占全年总数的30.8%(163/530)、37.4%(1 553/4 147)和50.0%(32/64)；有毒植物中毒事件报告起数较多的州(市)为楚雄州、大理州、玉溪市,占总数的44.2%(212/480)；有毒动物中毒报告起数较多的州(市)为迪庆州、怒江州、保山市,占总数的80.0%(40/50)。家庭中毒报告起数、发病人数和死亡人数最多,分别占总数的63.6%(337/530)、40.3%(1 672/4 147)和89.1%(57/64)。引起有毒动物中毒事件的食物主要是蜂蛹(7.9%,42/530),引起有毒植物中毒事件的食物前5位依次为乌头(30.2%,160/530)、四季豆(29.2%,155/530)、蓖麻子(5.3%,28/530)、蜂蜜(3.8%,20/530)和油桐(3.6%,19/530)。结论 云南省有毒动植物中毒问题突出,应完善食物中毒的应急处理体系,广泛宣传有毒动植物中毒的预防知识,以有效地减少云南省中毒事件的发生。     

苏州市一起疑似类志贺邻单胞菌引起的食物中毒调查与分析

目的分析2019年6月苏州市某幼儿园食物中毒的原因,了解病原菌的基因分型和耐药谱情况。方法通过问卷调查、电话访谈,查阅医院就诊记录、餐厅订餐记录等主动搜索病例,开展病例个案调查和现场卫生学调查,采集相关样品进行实验室检测。以分离培养,质谱快速鉴定,VITEK-2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪生化鉴定进行鉴定分析,脉冲场电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行基因分型,药敏试验采用微量肉汤稀释法。结果共搜索到17位病例(包括确诊病例4人),临床表现为腹痛、腹泻等胃肠道不适症状,均无头痛、发热等其他不适症状。6月20日中餐为可疑餐次,此外无其他共同饮食史。现场共采集47份样本(包括菜品、环境样本和肛拭子),其中4份学生肛拭子检出类志贺邻单胞菌。PFGE分型结果显示其中3株菌100%同源,属于同一型别,另一株菌与其差异较大,属于不同型别。对14种抗生素的药敏分析显示,3株菌(同一型别)除对氨苄西林耐药外还对甲氧苄胺嘧啶/磺胺甲噁唑耐药,对其它抗生素均敏感。另1株菌对氨苄西林耐药,对其它抗生素均敏感。结论此次事件很可能是一起由类志贺邻单胞菌引起的食物中毒,并且可能来源于不同的传染源。